School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, United Kingdom.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2011 Nov;37(6):1371-90. doi: 10.1037/a0024335. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
I examined the nature of morphological decomposition in a series of masked-priming experiments with Russian prefixed nouns. In Experiments 1A and 1B, I tested 3 types of prime-target pairs in which the prime was a morphologically simple word, and a facilitation was found when the prime and the target were truly morphologically related (e.g., narost [outgrowth] and rost [growth] are morphologically related via the prefix na- [on]) or apparently morphologically related (e.g., priton [den] and ton [tone] seem to be morphologically related via the prefix pri- [toward], but this relation is false) but not when the relation was purely orthographic (e.g., kumir [idol] and mir [peace]; ku- is not an existing prefix of Russian). These results suggest that all orthographic forms that can be exhaustively parsed into a prefix and a stem are decomposed into (apparent) constituent morphemes during their retrieval from the lexicon. This early segmentation process is driven by morpho-orthographic but not by morphosemantic considerations and applies even for derived forms that are more frequent than their stem.
我通过一系列使用俄语前缀名词的掩蔽启动实验来研究形态分解的本质。在实验 1A 和 1B 中，我测试了 3 种类型的启动-目标对，其中启动词是一个形态简单的单词，当启动词和目标词在形态上真正相关（例如，narost [outgrowth] 和 rost [growth] 通过前缀 na- [on] 在形态上相关）或在形态上看似相关（例如，priton [den] 和 ton [tone] 通过前缀 pri- [toward] 在形态上似乎相关，但这种关系是错误的）时，会发现促进作用，但当关系纯粹是正字法上的（例如，kumir [idol] 和 mir [peace]；ku- 不是俄语的现有前缀）时则不会发现促进作用。这些结果表明，所有可以被彻底解析为前缀和词干的正字法形式，在从词汇中检索时都会被分解为（表面上的）组成词素。这个早期的分段过程是由形态-正字法驱动的，而不是由形态语义学考虑驱动的，即使对于比词干更频繁出现的派生形式也是如此。
