Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Germany.
Trop Med Int Health. 2011 Nov;16(11):1457-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02840.x. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
To evaluate the causes and risks for imported skin disorders among travellers.
Data of 34,162 travellers returning from tropical and non-tropical countries and presenting at the outpatient travel medicine clinic of the University of Munich, Germany, between 1999 and 2009 were analyzed for this study. Of these, 12.2% were diagnosed with skin disorders.
Main destinations visited were Asia (40%), Africa (27%) and Latin America (21%). Tourism in the form of adventure travel/backpacking (47%) and package holidays (23%) was the most common purpose of travel. The leading causes of skin disorders were arthropodal (23%), bacterial (22%), helminthic (11%), protozoan (6%), viral (6%), allergic (5%) and fungal (4%). The 10 most frequently diagnosed specific skin diseases associated with specific destinations were insect bites (17%, Southern Europe), cutaneous larva migrans (8%, Asia and Latin America), cutaneous leishmaniasis (2.4%, Mediterranean Region/Middle East), dengue fever (1.5%, Asia), rickettsioses (1.3%, Southern Africa), myiasis (0.8%, Central America), filarioses (0.7%, Africa), tick bites (0.6%, Central/Eastern Europe), schistosomiasis (0.6%, Africa) and tungiasis (0.6%, Africa). Travellers in sub-Saharan Africa had the highest relative risk of acquiring skin disorders.
As more than 20% of all skin disorders among returned travellers were caused by arthropods and about 50% by infectious pathogens, pre-travel consultations should include specific prophylaxis and consider the most important risk factor for the travel destination.
评估旅行者中输入性皮肤疾病的病因和风险。
对 1999 年至 2009 年间，从热带和非热带国家返回德国慕尼黑大学门诊旅行医学诊所就诊的 34162 名旅行者的数据进行了此项研究。其中，12.2%被诊断患有皮肤疾病。
主要目的地为亚洲（40%）、非洲（27%）和拉丁美洲（21%）。旅行的主要目的是探险旅行/背包旅行（47%）和度假套餐（23%）。皮肤疾病的主要病因是节肢动物（23%）、细菌（22%）、蠕虫（11%）、原生动物（6%）、病毒（6%）、过敏（5%）和真菌感染（4%）。与特定目的地相关的 10 种最常见的特定皮肤疾病包括昆虫叮咬（17%，南欧）、匐行疹（8%，亚洲和拉丁美洲）、皮肤利什曼病（2.4%，地中海地区/中东）、登革热（1.5%，亚洲）、立克次体病（1.3%，南非）、蝇蛆病（0.8%，中美洲）、丝虫病（0.7%，非洲）、蜱虫叮咬（0.6%，中欧/东欧）、血吸虫病（0.6%，非洲）和麦地那龙线虫病（0.6%，非洲）。前往撒哈拉以南非洲的旅行者感染皮肤疾病的相对风险最高。
由于返回旅行者中超过 20%的皮肤疾病是由节肢动物引起的，约 50%的皮肤疾病是由传染性病原体引起的，因此，旅行前咨询应包括特定的预防措施，并考虑旅行目的地的最重要风险因素。
