标准化研究人类脊髓伤害性过程致敏的程序:比较伤害性屈肌反射时间总和(TS-NFR)的参数。
Standardizing procedures to study sensitization of human spinal nociceptive processes: comparing parameters for temporal summation of the nociceptive flexion reflex (TS-NFR).
机构信息
The University of Tulsa, Department of Psychology, Tulsa, OK, United States.
出版信息
Int J Psychophysiol. 2011 Sep;81(3):263-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.06.021. Epub 2011 Jul 19.
Temporal summation of pain (TS-pain) is the progressive increase in pain ratings during a series of noxious stimulations. TS-pain has been used to make inferences about sensitization of spinal nociceptive processes; however, pain report can be biased thereby leading to problems with this inference. Temporal summation of the nociceptive flexion reflex (TS-NFR, a physiological measure of spinal nociception) can potentially overcome report bias, but there have been few attempts (generally with small Ns) to standardize TS-NFR procedures. In this study, 50 healthy participants received 25 series of noxious electric stimulations to evoke TS-NFR and TS-pain. Goals were to: 1) determine the stimulation frequency that best elicits TS-NFR and reduces electromyogram (EMG) contamination from muscle tension, 2) determine the minimum number of stimulations per series before NFR summation asymptotes, 3) compare NFR definition intervals (90-150ms vs. 70-150ms post-stimulation), and 4) compare TS-pain and TS-NFR when different stimulation frequencies are used. Results indicated TS-NFR should be elicited by a series of three stimuli delivered at 2.0Hz and TS-NFR should be defined from a 70-150ms post-stimulation scoring interval. Unfortunately, EMG contamination from muscle tension was greatest during 2.0Hz series. Discrepancies were noted between TS-NFR and TS-pain which raise concerns about using pain ratings to infer changes in spinal nociceptive processes. And finally, some individuals did not have reliable NFRs when the stimulation intensity was set at NFR threshold during TS-NFR testing; therefore, a higher intensity is needed. Implications of findings are discussed.
疼痛的时间总和(TS-pain)是在一系列有害刺激过程中疼痛评分的逐渐增加。TS-pain 被用于推断脊髓伤害性过程的敏化;然而,疼痛报告可能存在偏差,从而导致这种推断出现问题。伤害性屈肌反射的时间总和(TS-NFR,一种脊髓伤害性的生理测量)可以潜在地克服报告偏差,但很少有尝试(通常样本量较小)来标准化 TS-NFR 程序。在这项研究中,50 名健康参与者接受了 25 组有害电刺激以引发 TS-NFR 和 TS-pain。目标是:1)确定最佳激发 TS-NFR 并减少肌肉紧张引起的肌电图(EMG)干扰的刺激频率,2)确定每个系列的最少刺激次数,直到 NFR 总和达到渐近线,3)比较 NFR 定义间隔(刺激后 90-150ms 与 70-150ms),以及 4)比较使用不同刺激频率时的 TS-pain 和 TS-NFR。结果表明,TS-NFR 应该通过以 2.0Hz 传递的三个刺激系列来引发,并且应该从刺激后 70-150ms 的评分间隔来定义 TS-NFR。不幸的是,在 2.0Hz 系列中,来自肌肉紧张的 EMG 干扰最大。TS-NFR 和 TS-pain 之间存在差异,这引起了对使用疼痛评分来推断脊髓伤害性过程变化的关注。最后,当在 TS-NFR 测试中将刺激强度设置为 NFR 阈值时,一些个体没有可靠的 NFR;因此,需要更高的强度。讨论了研究结果的含义。