Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Aug 2;108(31):12653-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1103343108. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
Three randomized experiments found that subtle linguistic cues have the power to increase voting and related behavior. The phrasing of survey items was varied to frame voting either as the enactment of a personal identity (e.g., "being a voter") or as simply a behavior (e.g., "voting"). As predicted, the personal-identity phrasing significantly increased interest in registering to vote (experiment 1) and, in two statewide elections in the United States, voter turnout as assessed by official state records (experiments 2 and 3). These results provide evidence that people are continually managing their self-concepts, seeking to assume or affirm valued personal identities. The results further demonstrate how this process can be channeled to motivate important socially relevant behavior.
三项随机实验发现，微妙的语言提示具有增强投票和相关行为的力量。通过改变调查项目的措辞，将投票框定为个人身份的体现（例如，“作为选民”）或仅仅是一种行为（例如，“投票”）。正如所预测的那样，个人身份的措辞显著增加了人们对注册投票的兴趣（实验 1），并且在美国的两次全州选举中，官方州记录评估的投票率（实验 2 和 3）也有所提高。这些结果提供了证据，证明人们一直在管理自己的自我概念，寻求承担或肯定有价值的个人身份。结果进一步表明，如何通过这个过程来激励重要的社会相关行为。
