Universitair KinderZiekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, Belgium.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011 Jul-Aug;87(4):292-300. doi: 10.2223/JPED.2103. Epub 2011 Jul 8.
To evaluate the impact of probiotics and prebiotics on the health of children.
MEDLINE and LILACS were searched for relevant English and French-language articles.
Human milk is rich in prebiotic oligosaccharides and may contain some probiotics. No data suggest that addition of probiotics to infant formula may be harmful, but evidence of its efficacy is insufficient for its recommendation. Since data suggest that addition of specific prebiotic oligosaccharides may reduce infections and atopy in healthy infants, their addition to infant formula seems reasonable. Long-term health benefits of pro- and prebiotics on the developing immune system remain to be proven. Selected probiotics reduce the duration of infectious diarrhea by 1 day, but evidence in prevention is lacking, except in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Some specific probiotics prevent necrotizing enterocolitis, and other microorganisms may be beneficial in Helicobacter pylori gastritis and in infantile colic. Evidence is insufficient to recommend probiotics in prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis. The use of probiotics in constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and extra-intestinal infections requires more studies.
Duration of administration, microbial dosage, and species used need further validation for both pro- and prebiotics. Unjustified health claims are a major threat for the pro- and prebiotic concept.
评估益生菌和益生元对儿童健康的影响。
检索了 MEDLINE 和 LILACS 中相关的英文和法文文献。
人乳富含益生元低聚糖，可能含有一些益生菌。没有数据表明向婴儿配方奶中添加益生菌可能有害，但证据不足以推荐其使用。由于数据表明添加特定的益生元低聚糖可能会降低健康婴儿的感染和过敏发生率，因此在婴儿配方奶中添加它们似乎是合理的。益生菌和益生元对发育中免疫系统的长期健康益处仍有待证实。一些选定的益生菌可将感染性腹泻的持续时间缩短 1 天，但缺乏预防方面的证据，除了抗生素相关性腹泻。一些特定的益生菌可预防坏死性小肠结肠炎，其他微生物可能对幽门螺杆菌胃炎和婴儿绞痛有益。证据不足以推荐益生菌用于预防和治疗特应性皮炎。益生菌在便秘、肠易激综合征、炎症性肠病和肠道外感染中的应用需要更多的研究。
需要进一步验证益生菌和益生元的给药时间、微生物剂量和使用的种类。不合理的健康声明是益生菌和益生元概念的主要威胁。
