Zimmermann N, Pirovino M, Zingg R, Clauss M, Kaup F J, Heistermann M, Hatt J M, Steinmetz H W
Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
J Med Primatol. 2011 Dec;40(6):365-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2011.00490.x. Epub 2011 Jul 19.
Upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) is a significant cause of morbidity in captive orangutans (Pongo abelii, Pongo pygmaeus), and the pathogenesis is often unknown.
The prevalence of respiratory disease in captive European orangutans (201 animals; 20 zoos) and possible predisposing factors were investigated.
Bornean orangutans (P. pygmaeus) showed chronic respiratory signs significantly more often (13.8%) than Sumatran (P. abelii; 3.6%), and males (15.8%) were more often afflicted than females (3.9%). Hand-reared animals (21%) developed air sacculitis more often than parent-reared animals (5%). Diseased animals were more often genetically related to animals with respiratory diseases (93%) than to healthy animals (54%). None of the environmental conditions investigated had a significant effect on disease prevalence.
Results suggest a higher importance of individual factors for the development of URTD than environmental conditions. Bornean, male and hand-reared orangutans and animals related to diseased animals need increased medical surveillance for early detection of respiratory disease.
上呼吸道疾病（URTD）是圈养红毛猩猩（婆罗洲猩猩、苏门答腊猩猩）发病的重要原因，其发病机制通常不明。
调查了圈养欧洲红毛猩猩（201只，来自20家动物园）的呼吸道疾病患病率及可能的诱发因素。
婆罗洲猩猩（婆罗洲猩猩种）出现慢性呼吸道症状的频率（13.8%）显著高于苏门答腊猩猩（苏门答腊猩猩种；3.6%），雄性（15.8%）比雌性（3.9%）更容易患病。人工饲养的动物（21%）患气囊炎的频率高于由双亲抚养长大的动物（5%）。患病动物与患有呼吸道疾病的动物有遗传关系的比例（93%）高于与健康动物有遗传关系的比例（54%）。所调查的环境条件均对疾病患病率无显著影响。
结果表明，个体因素对上呼吸道疾病发生的影响比环境条件更为重要。婆罗洲猩猩、雄性猩猩、人工饲养的猩猩以及与患病动物有亲缘关系的动物需要加强医学监测，以便早期发现呼吸道疾病。
