Wu Betty N, O'Sullivan Anthony J
St. George Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
J Nutr Metab. 2011;2011:391809. doi: 10.1155/2011/391809. Epub 2011 Jun 6.
Women have a higher proportion of body fat compared to men. However, women consume fewer kilojoules per kilogram lean mass and burn fat more preferentially during exercise compared with men. During gestation, women store even greater amounts of fat that cannot be solely attributed to increased energy intake. These observations suggest that the relationship between kilojoules consumed and kilojoules utilised is different in men and women. The reason for these sex differences in energy metabolism is not known; however, it may relate to sex steroids, differences in insulin resistance, or metabolic effects of other hormones such as leptin. When considering lifestyle modifications, sex differences in energy metabolism should be considered. Moreover, elucidating the regulatory role of hormones in energy homeostasis is important for understanding the pathogenesis of obesity and perhaps in the future may lead to ways to reduce body fat with less energy restriction.
与男性相比，女性体内脂肪比例更高。然而，与男性相比，女性每千克瘦体重消耗的千焦热量更少，且在运动过程中更倾向于燃烧脂肪。在妊娠期，女性储存的脂肪量甚至更多，而这不能仅仅归因于能量摄入的增加。这些观察结果表明，男性和女性在摄入千焦热量与消耗千焦热量之间的关系有所不同。能量代谢中这些性别差异的原因尚不清楚；然而，这可能与性类固醇、胰岛素抵抗的差异或其他激素（如瘦素）的代谢作用有关。在考虑生活方式改变时，应考虑能量代谢方面的性别差异。此外，阐明激素在能量稳态中的调节作用对于理解肥胖症的发病机制很重要，也许在未来可能会找到在较少能量限制的情况下减少体脂的方法。
