Del Campo Miguel, Arancibia Sergio, Nova Esteban, Salazar Fabián, González Andrea, Moltedo Bruno, De Ioannes Pablo, Ferreira Jorge, Manubens Augusto, Becker María Inés
Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 2011 Feb;139(2):236-46. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
Hemocyanins, the giant oxygen transporter glycoproteins of diverse mollusks, are xenogenic to the mammalian immune system and they display a remarkable immuno-genicity. Therefore they are ideal non-specific immunostimulants to treat some types of cancer. They are used as an alternative therapy for superficial urinary bladder cancer (SBC), that has been traditionally treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). In contrast to BCG, hemocyanins do not cause side-effects, making them ideal for long-term repetitive treatments. Hemocyanins have also been exploited as carriers to develop antibodies against hapten molecules and peptides, as carrier-adjuvants for cutting-edge vaccines against cancer, drug addiction, and infectious diseases and in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases, such as Schistosomiasis. The hemocyanin from Megathura crenulata, also known as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), has been used for over thirty years for the purposes described above. More recently, hemoc yanin from the Chilean mollusk Concholepas concholepas (CCH) has proved to be a reliable alternative to KLH, either as carrier protein, and as a likely alternative for the immunotherapy of SBC. Despite KLH and CCH differ significantly in their origin and structure, we have demonstrated that both hemocyanins stimulate the immune system of mammals in a similar way by inducing a potent Thl-polarized cellular and humoral response.
血蓝蛋白是多种软体动物的巨型氧转运糖蛋白，对哺乳动物免疫系统来说是异种物质，且具有显著的免疫原性。因此，它们是治疗某些类型癌症的理想非特异性免疫刺激剂。它们被用作浅表性膀胱癌（SBC）的替代疗法，传统上浅表性膀胱癌采用卡介苗（BCG）治疗。与卡介苗不同，血蓝蛋白不会引起副作用，这使其成为长期重复治疗的理想选择。血蓝蛋白还被用作载体，以开发针对半抗原分子和肽的抗体，作为针对癌症、药物成瘾和传染病的前沿疫苗的载体佐剂，以及用于诊断寄生虫病，如血吸虫病。来自巨马蹄螺的血蓝蛋白，也称为钥孔戚血蓝蛋白（KLH），已用于上述目的三十多年。最近，来自智利软体动物海螺的血蓝蛋白（CCH）已被证明是KLH的可靠替代品，既可以作为载体蛋白，也可能作为浅表性膀胱癌免疫治疗的替代品。尽管KLH和CCH在来源和结构上有很大差异，但我们已经证明，两种血蓝蛋白都通过诱导强烈的Th1极化细胞和体液反应，以类似的方式刺激哺乳动物的免疫系统。
