Fojtová Simona
Women's Studies, Transylvania University, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.
J Lesbian Stud. 2011;15(3):356-83. doi: 10.1080/10894160.2010.530155.
In their advocacy for the legal recognition of same-sex relationships during the 1990s, prominent Czech gay rights activists focused only on issues of sexuality and did not question the essentialist understanding of gender, especially in parenting. Consequently, even though the Czech Republic legalized registered partnerships for gays and lesbians in 2006, legal barriers now exist regarding parental rights for same-sex couples, who are prohibited from adopting children and accessing reproductive technology once they register with the state. This article examines a rising, new wave of Czech lesbian activism that has focused on gaining legal parental rights for registered same-sex couples. While lesbian activists were disempowered in terms of their public visibility as well as political involvement during the 1990s, the recent growing prominence of lesbian groups has been enabled by their stronger political focus and organizational coherence. Analyzing the lesbian activists' strategies, I show not only how lesbian activism can advance the public debate about traditional gender roles, but also how lesbian activism can strengthen the critique of the ideology of marriage.
在20世纪90年代争取同性关系获得法律认可的过程中，捷克著名的同性恋权利活动家只关注性取向问题，并未质疑对性别的本质主义理解，尤其是在育儿方面。因此，尽管捷克共和国在2006年将同性伴侣的注册伴侣关系合法化，但现在同性伴侣在父母权利方面存在法律障碍，一旦他们在国家登记，就被禁止收养孩子和使用生殖技术。本文考察了捷克女同性恋激进主义的一股新的、正在兴起的浪潮，其重点是为注册同性伴侣争取合法的父母权利。虽然在20世纪90年代，女同性恋活动家在公众可见度和政治参与方面没有权力，但最近女同性恋团体日益突出，这得益于她们更强的政治重点和组织凝聚力。通过分析女同性恋活动家的策略，我不仅展示了女同性恋激进主义如何能够推动关于传统性别角色的公开辩论，还展示了女同性恋激进主义如何能够加强对婚姻意识形态的批判。
