Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17(21):2147-54. doi: 10.2174/138161211796957418.
This review emphasizes the effects of tocotrienols on the risk factors for atherosclerosis, plaque instability and thrombogenesis, and compares these effects with tocopherol. Tocotrienols reduce serum lipids and raise serum HDL-C. Alpha-tocopherol, on the other hand, has no effect on serum lipids. Tocotrienols have greater antioxidant activity than tocopherols. Both reduce the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and advanced glycation end products, and expression of cell adhesion molecules. The CRP-lowering effects of tocotrienols are greater than tocopherol. Tocotrienols reduce inflammatory mediators, δ-tocotrienol being more potent, followed by γ- and α-tocotrienol. Tocotrienols are antithrombotic and suppress the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. They suppress, regress and slow the progression of atherosclerosis, while tocopherol only suppresses, and has no effect on regression and slowing of progression of atherosclerosis. Tocotrienol reduces risk factors for destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. There are no firm data to suggest that tocotrienols are effective in reducing the risk of cardiac events in established ischemic heart disease. Alpha-tocopherol is effective in primary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD), but has no conclusive evidence that it has beneficial effects in patients with established ischemic heart disease. Tocotrienols are effective in reducing ischemia-reperfusion cardiac injury in experimental animals and has the potential to be used in patients undergoing angioplasty, stent implantation and aorto-coronary bypass surgery. In conclusion, experimental data suggest that tocotrienols have a potential for cardiovascular health, but long-term randomized clinical trials are needed to establish their efficacy in primary and secondary prevention of CAD.
本综述强调了生育三烯酚对动脉粥样硬化风险因素、斑块不稳定性和血栓形成的影响，并将这些影响与生育酚进行了比较。生育三烯酚可降低血清脂质并升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）。而α-生育酚则对血清脂质没有影响。生育三烯酚比生育酚具有更强的抗氧化活性。两者均可降低血清 C 反应蛋白（CRP）和晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）以及细胞黏附分子的表达水平。生育三烯酚降低 CRP 的作用强于生育酚。生育三烯酚可降低炎症介质，其中 δ-生育三烯酚作用最强，其次为 γ-和 α-生育三烯酚。生育三烯酚具有抗血栓形成作用，并可抑制基质金属蛋白酶的表达。它们可抑制、逆转和减缓动脉粥样硬化的进展，而生育酚仅可抑制动脉粥样硬化的进展，对其逆转和减缓则无作用。生育三烯酚可降低动脉粥样斑块不稳定的风险因素。目前尚无确凿数据表明生育三烯酚可降低已确诊的缺血性心脏病患者发生心脏事件的风险。α-生育酚可有效预防原发性冠状动脉疾病（CAD），但尚无确凿证据表明其对已确诊的缺血性心脏病患者具有有益作用。生育三烯酚可有效减少实验动物缺血再灌注心脏损伤，并且具有在接受血管成形术、支架植入和主动脉-冠状动脉旁路手术的患者中使用的潜力。总之，实验数据表明生育三烯酚具有潜在的心血管健康益处，但需要进行长期随机临床试验以确定其在 CAD 的一级和二级预防中的疗效。
