Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
Stem Cells Int. 2011;2011:907961. doi: 10.4061/2011/907961. Epub 2011 Jun 19.
It has long been discovered that human pluripotent cells could be isolated from the blastocyst state of embryos and called human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These cells can be adapted and propagated indefinitely in culture in an undifferentiated manner as well as differentiated into cell representing the three major germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. However, the derivation of human pluripotent cells from donated embryos is limited and restricted by ethical concerns. Therefore, various approaches have been explored and proved their success. Human pluripotent cells can also be derived experimentally by the nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells. These techniques include somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), cell fusion and overexpression of pluripotent genes. In this paper, we discuss the technical challenges of these approaches for nuclear reprogramming, involving their advantages and limitations. We will also highlight the possible applications of these techniques in the study of stem cell biology.
长期以来，人们已经发现可以从胚胎的囊胚状态中分离出人类多能细胞，并将其称为人类胚胎干细胞（ESCs）。这些细胞可以在培养中以未分化的方式适应和无限繁殖，并分化为代表三个主要胚层的细胞：内胚层、中胚层和外胚层。然而，从捐赠的胚胎中获得人类多能细胞受到伦理问题的限制。因此，人们已经探索了各种方法，并证明了它们的成功。人类多能细胞也可以通过体细胞的核重编程实验获得。这些技术包括体细胞核移植（SCNT）、细胞融合和多能基因的过表达。在本文中，我们讨论了这些核重编程方法的技术挑战，包括它们的优点和局限性。我们还将重点介绍这些技术在干细胞生物学研究中的可能应用。
