Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Addiction. 2012 Jan;107(1):188-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03588.x. Epub 2011 Nov 1.
To describe current and recent changes in cigarette affordability across the current 27 European Union (EU) Member States, and to assess the impact of these changes on smoking prevalence in countries that were EU members in 2004 (old Member States) compared to countries that have joined since 2004 (new Member States).
Investigation of cigarette affordability using the minutes of labour measure, and comparisons of changes in affordability, tax and smoking prevalence in old and new EU Member States.
Current 27 EU Member States.
European Union.
Cigarette prices, overall tax yield and incidence, hourly wages and smoking prevalence in the EU were obtained from published sources, and the affordability of the EU Most Popular Price Category (MPPC) cigarettes estimated as the number of minutes of labour required to earn the price of 20 cigarettes in the years 2003, 2006 and 2009.
The mean [standard deviation (SD)] number of minutes of labour required to purchase 20 MPPC cigarettes in EU Member States in 2009 was 31.3 (SD 10.7), but ranged fourfold across the EU, and was significantly higher in new than old Member States. The number of minutes of labour measure increased more, although not significantly so, between 2003 and 2009 in new [mean (SD) 12.1 (10.9)] than in old [6.7 (4.0)] Member States, largely because of proportionately higher increases in taxation. However, there was no correlation between change in affordability and change in smoking prevalence in recent years.
Cigarette affordability varies substantially and cigarettes are generally becoming less affordable in European Union Member States. However, these reductions in affordability do not appear to have impacted substantially on smoking prevalence in recent years.
描述当前及近期欧盟（EU）27 个成员国卷烟价格的变化情况，并评估这些变化对 2004 年（老成员国）和 2004 年后（新成员国）加入欧盟的国家吸烟率的影响。
采用劳动时间衡量法评估卷烟的可负担性，并比较老成员国和新成员国卷烟价格变化、税收变化和吸烟率变化情况。
当前的 27 个欧盟成员国。
欧盟。
从已发表的资料中获取欧盟卷烟价格、总税收收入和税收占比、小时工资和吸烟率数据，并估计欧盟最受欢迎价格区间（MPPC）卷烟的可负担性，计算方法为购买 20 支 MPPC 卷烟所需的劳动时间（以分钟计）。
2009 年，欧盟成员国购买 20 支 MPPC 卷烟所需的平均（标准差）劳动时间为 31.3 分钟（标准差 10.7 分钟），但欧盟各国的差异高达 4 倍，新成员国的劳动时间明显高于老成员国。2003 年至 2009 年，新成员国（平均 12.1 分钟，标准差 10.9 分钟）的劳动时间指标增长幅度高于老成员国（6.7 分钟，标准差 4.0 分钟），虽然差异无统计学意义，但这主要是因为税收增长比例较高。然而，近年来，可负担性变化与吸烟率变化之间没有相关性。
欧盟成员国的卷烟可负担性差异较大，卷烟价格总体呈下降趋势。然而，近年来，这些可负担性的降低似乎并未对吸烟率产生重大影响。
