Food for Health Ireland, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
Food Funct. 2011 Apr;2(3-4):153-67. doi: 10.1039/c1fo10017c. Epub 2011 Mar 29.
Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins are of particular interest to the food industry due to the potential functional and physiological roles that they demonstrate, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD). By 2020 it is estimated that heart disease and stroke will become the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Acute and chronic cardiovascular events may result from alterations in the activity of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and activation of the coagulation cascade and of platelets. Medications that inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) are widely prescribed in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. ACE inhibitory peptides are of particular interest due to the presence of encrypted inhibitory peptide sequences. In particular, Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro are fore runners in ACE inhibition, and have been incorporated into commercial products. Additionally, studies to identify additional novel peptides with similar bio-activity and the ability to withstand digestion during transit through the gastrointestinal tract are ongoing. The potential sources of such peptides in cheese and other dairy products are discussed. Challenges to the bio-availability of such peptides in the gastro intestinal tract are also reviewed. Activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade play a central role in the progression of cardiovascular disease. Platelets from such patients show spontaneous aggregation and an increased sensitivity to agonists which results in vascular damage and endothelial dysfunction associated with CVD. Peptide sequences exhibiting anti-thrombotic activity have been identified from fermented milk products. Studies on such peptides are reviewed and their effects on platelet function are discussed. Finally the ability of food derived peptides to decrease the formation of blood clots (thrombi) is reviewed. In conclusion, due to the widespread nature of cardiovascular disease, the identification of food derived compounds that exhibit a beneficial effect in such widespread areas of CVD regulation will have strong clinical potential. Due to the perception that food derived products have an acceptable risk profile they have the potential for widespread acceptance by the public. In this review, selected biological effects relating to CVD are discussed with a view to providing essential information to researchers.
从牛奶蛋白中衍生出来的生物活性肽，由于其潜在的功能和生理作用而受到食品工业的特别关注，尤其是与心血管疾病（CVD）相关的作用。到 2020 年，心脏病和中风预计将成为全球范围内导致死亡和残疾的主要原因。急性和慢性心血管事件可能是由于肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的活性改变以及凝血级联和血小板的激活而引起的。抑制血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）的药物在心血管疾病的治疗和预防中被广泛应用。由于存在加密的抑制肽序列，ACE 抑制肽特别受关注。特别是，Ile-Pro-Pro 和 Val-Pro-Pro 是 ACE 抑制的先驱，并且已经被纳入商业产品中。此外，正在进行识别具有类似生物活性和在通过胃肠道转运过程中能够耐受消化的其他新型肽的研究。讨论了奶酪和其他乳制品中此类肽的潜在来源。还审查了此类肽在胃肠道中生物利用度的挑战。血小板和凝血级联的激活在心血管疾病的进展中起着核心作用。来自此类患者的血小板显示自发性聚集和对激动剂的敏感性增加，导致与 CVD 相关的血管损伤和内皮功能障碍。已经从发酵乳制品中鉴定出具有抗血栓活性的肽序列。对这些肽的研究进行了综述，并讨论了它们对血小板功能的影响。最后，综述了食物衍生肽减少血栓形成（血栓）的能力。总之，由于心血管疾病的广泛性质，鉴定出在 CVD 调节的这些广泛领域中表现出有益作用的食物衍生化合物将具有很强的临床潜力。由于人们认为食物衍生产品具有可接受的风险状况，因此它们有可能被公众广泛接受。在这篇综述中，讨论了与 CVD 相关的一些生物学效应，以期为研究人员提供必要的信息。
