Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine, S Orsola-Malpighi Policlinic, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Aug;5(4):479-87. doi: 10.1586/egh.11.38.
Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most frequent autoimmune disorders occurring in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The prevalence of CD in T1DM varies from 3 to 16%, with a mean prevalence of 8%. The clinical presentation of CD in T1DM is classified as symptomless in approximately half of cases, but a more accurate analysis often discloses a wide array of symptoms suggestive of CD. Both T1DM and CD show the same genetic background and an abnormal small intestinal immune response with inflammation and a variable grade of enteropathy. Serological screening for CD should be performed in all T1DM patients by means of antibodies to tissue transglutaminase at T1DM onset. T1DM patients found to be celiacs must be treated by a gluten-free diet. Potential CD cases (especially when asymptomatic) should be kept on a gluten-containing diet with a careful clinical and antibody follow-up, since many of them will not develop villous atrophy.
乳糜泻（CD）是 1 型糖尿病（T1DM）中最常见的自身免疫性疾病之一。CD 在 T1DM 中的患病率为 3%至 16%，平均患病率为 8%。T1DM 中 CD 的临床表现约有一半为无症状，但更准确的分析通常会发现一系列提示 CD 的症状。T1DM 和 CD 具有相同的遗传背景和异常的小肠免疫反应，伴有炎症和不同程度的肠病。应通过在 T1DM 发病时检测抗组织转谷氨酰胺酶抗体，对所有 T1DM 患者进行 CD 的血清学筛查。发现乳糜泻的 T1DM 患者必须通过无麸质饮食进行治疗。潜在的 CD 病例（尤其是无症状病例）应继续进行含麸质饮食，并进行仔细的临床和抗体随访，因为其中许多病例不会发展为绒毛萎缩。
