Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil.
Department of Statistics, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2022 Jul 8;14(14):2815. doi: 10.3390/nu14142815.
This cross-sectional study aims to assess eating competence (EC—an intra-individual approach to food, behaviors, and attitudes related to food) and aspects related to a gluten-free diet (GFD) in Brazilian adults with gluten-related disorders (GRDs). The research was conducted using an online survey with a self-reported instrument consisting of 40 items, organized into three parts: (I) Socioeconomic and demographic data; (II) the Brazilian version of the Eating Competence Satter Inventory (ec-SI2.0™BR); and (III) questions about adherence and difficulties in following the gluten-free diet. EC was measured by the ecSI2.0™BR instrument, with scores ≥32 were considered competent eaters. The instrument was applied nationwide through the GoogleForms® platform from 14 February 2022 to 30 March 2022. The publicity for the recruitment was supported by Brazilian celiac local and national associations (Acelbras and Fenacelbra), pages of food services or personal pages of tips and posts about gluten-related disorders, and specialized stores that offer gluten-free foods. The recruitment occurred through social networks (emails, Facebook groups, WhatsApp, and Instagram). A total of 1030 Brazilians with GRDs answered the questionnaire. Most participants were female, aged 40 years or older, with an income >R$3000, and a high education level. The main difficulty regarding adherence to GFD was the high cost of gluten-free foods. Individuals younger than 40 years old had lower EC scores, with no differences between men and women. Increasing socioeconomic status, schooling, and culinary practices increased the total score. Participants who “never/almost never” felt socially judged because their diet had higher scores for total EC. Competent eaters GRD individuals (EC ≥ 32) were mostly individuals aged ≥40 y/o; with income > R$3000; following a GFD; satisfied with purchased gluten-free products; consuming gluten-free products prepared at home, mainly by themselves; who do not feel judged because of the GRD and who feel that they can live a normal life with GRD. Our study showed that individuals who strictly adhere to the GFD have higher scores on eating competence than those who sometimes follow the treatment.
这项横断面研究旨在评估巴西患有与麸质相关疾病（GRD）的成年人的饮食能力（EC-一种与食物、行为和与食物相关的态度有关的个体方法）和与无麸质饮食（GFD）相关的方面。研究采用在线调查，使用自我报告的 40 项仪器进行，分为三个部分：（I）社会经济和人口统计学数据；（II）巴西版饮食能力 Satter 量表（ec-SI2.0™BR）；以及（III）关于遵守和遵循无麸质饮食困难的问题。EC 通过 ecSI2.0™BR 仪器进行测量，得分≥32 被认为是有能力的饮食者。该仪器通过 GoogleForms®平台在全国范围内应用，从 2022 年 2 月 14 日至 2022 年 3 月 30 日。招聘的宣传得到了巴西乳糜泻当地和国家协会（Acelbras 和 Fenacelbra）、食品服务页面或有关与麸质相关疾病的提示和帖子的个人页面以及提供无麸质食品的专业商店的支持。招聘通过社交网络（电子邮件、Facebook 群组、WhatsApp 和 Instagram）进行。共有 1030 名患有 GRD 的巴西人回答了问卷。大多数参与者为女性，年龄在 40 岁或以上，收入在 R$3000 或以上，教育水平较高。遵守 GFD 的主要困难是无麸质食品的高成本。年龄在 40 岁以下的人 EC 得分较低，男女之间没有差异。社会经济地位、教育程度和烹饪实践的提高增加了总分。那些“从不/几乎从不”因为饮食而感到被社会评判的人，他们的 EC 总分更高。EC≥32 的有能力饮食的 GRD 个体主要是年龄≥40 岁的个体；收入＞R$3000；遵循 GFD；对购买的无麸质产品满意；食用在家中准备的无麸质产品，主要是自己准备；不会因为 GRD 而感到被评判，并且觉得自己可以在 GRD 下过上正常的生活。我们的研究表明，严格遵守 GFD 的个体的饮食能力得分高于偶尔遵循治疗的个体。
