Farjana T, Tuno N, Higa Y
Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
Med Vet Entomol. 2012 Jun;26(2):210-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00971.x. Epub 2011 Jul 22.
We asked whether climate change might affect the geographic distributions of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae). We tested the effects of temperature, diet and the presence of congeneric species on the performance of immature stages of these two aedine species in the laboratory. Mosquitoes in three different species-density combinations were reared at four constant temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C) on low- or high-level diets. Of the four temperatures tested, mortality increased only at 35 °C in both species. Mortality was higher on the high-level diet than on the low-level diet at 35 °C, but not at other temperatures. The presence of congeneric species had a significant positive effect on mortality in Ae. albopictus, but not in Ae. aegypti. Both species developed more quickly at higher temperatures within the range of 20-30 °C; development was not enhanced at 35 °C. Population growth of Ae. albopictus was more stable, regardless of diet and temperature; that of Ae. aegypti varied more according to these two factors. These species-specific attributes may help to explain the latitudinal distribution of the mosquitoes and degree of species dominance where they are sympatric.
我们探究了气候变化是否会影响埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti (L.)）和白纹伊蚊（Aedes albopictus (Skuse)）（双翅目：蚊科）的地理分布。我们在实验室中测试了温度、食物以及同属物种的存在对这两种伊蚊未成熟阶段生长情况的影响。将处于三种不同物种密度组合的蚊子在四种恒定温度（20°C、25°C、30°C、35°C）下，分别以低水平或高水平食物进行饲养。在测试的四种温度中，两种蚊子的死亡率仅在35°C时有所增加。在35°C时，高水平食物组的死亡率高于低水平食物组，但在其他温度下并非如此。同属物种的存在对白纹伊蚊的死亡率有显著的正向影响，但对埃及伊蚊没有影响。在20 - 30°C范围内，两种蚊子在较高温度下发育更快；在35°C时发育并未加快。无论食物和温度如何，白纹伊蚊的种群增长更为稳定；埃及伊蚊的种群增长则根据这两个因素变化更大。这些物种特异性特征可能有助于解释蚊子的纬度分布以及它们同域分布时的物种优势程度。
