Gardner M B
Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616.
Dev Biol Stand. 1990;72:259-66.
The SIV macaque model is an excellent surrogate for SIV infection of humans. Genital mucosal transmission of SIV presents the opportunity for testing the effectiveness of spermicides, pharmacologic agents and vaccines in preventing the heterosexual transmission of HIV. Because the incubation period is usually shorter and the disease tempo more rapid than seen with HIV infection, the endpoint for therapeutic, prophylaxis and vaccine trials can be reached sooner in the monkey model. Initial vaccine experiments using inactivated whole SIV mac did not protect rhesus macaques against IV or genital mucosal challenge with a moderately high dose of homologous live virus but did appear to delay disease in the IV challenge group. Similarly, a modified live SIVmac immunogen also failed to protect rhesus monkeys against IV challenge with live virus but did delay disease. It appears, therefore, that a strong immediate immune response to SIVmac, whether naturally or artificially induced can reduce the level of viremia and delay the onset of clinical SAIDS. We believe that these inactivated whole virus and modified live virus approaches are worth pursuing further and they may guide us towards an eventual effective vaccine for AIDS.
猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）猕猴模型是人类SIV感染的优秀替代模型。SIV的生殖器黏膜传播为测试杀精剂、药物制剂和疫苗预防HIV异性传播的有效性提供了机会。由于潜伏期通常比HIV感染更短，疾病进展更快，因此在猴模型中可以更快地达到治疗、预防和疫苗试验的终点。最初使用灭活的全SIV猕猴病毒进行的疫苗实验未能保护恒河猴免受中等高剂量同源活病毒的静脉内或生殖器黏膜攻击，但似乎确实延迟了静脉内攻击组的疾病发生。同样，一种减毒活SIV猕猴免疫原也未能保护恒河猴免受活病毒的静脉内攻击，但确实延迟了疾病发生。因此，似乎对SIV猕猴病毒产生强烈的即时免疫反应，无论是自然诱导还是人工诱导，都可以降低病毒血症水平并延迟临床猴艾滋病（SAIDS）的发病。我们认为，这些灭活全病毒和减毒活病毒方法值得进一步探索，它们可能会引导我们找到最终有效的艾滋病疫苗。
