Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;7(4):227-36. doi: 10.1016/s1382-6689(99)00020-4.
A total of 60, 3-week-old, laying pullets were used in the present experiment. The exposed birds received excess sodium bicarbonate (SB) in their drinking water for 35 days at the levels of: 2 g/l (0.2%), 7.5 g/l (0.75%), 20 g/l (2%) and 40 g/l (4%). All birds were subjected to pathological and toxicological examination. Birds of the 0.75% and 2%-groups developed gross picture of visceral gout, while birds of 4%-group showed acute kidney damage without manifesting visceral urate deposition. Erythrocytic count, packed cell volume (PCV), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were all increased in the exposed birds. There were dose-related increments in the serum level of sodium (Na(+)). Serum levels of chloride (Cl(-)), and potassium (K(+)) were relatively decreased in some cases. Serum levels of uric acid were increased in a dose-related pattern. Blood pH of the treated birds was shifted toward the alkaline side. Microscopic examination revealed significant renal changes in birds manifesting visceral gout and these changes included urate deposits associated with tubular necrotic changes. Some birds in the third group (2%) developed urate granulomas (tophi) in their renal interstitium. It was concluded that development of gout in birds may be related to a state of metabolic alkalosis which is associated with significant changes of the electrolyte balance.
本试验选用 60 只 3 周龄的产蛋母鸡。暴露组鸡只连续 35 天在饮水中摄入过量的碳酸氢钠（SB），摄入水平分别为：2g/L（0.2%）、7.5g/L（0.75%）、20g/L（2%）和 40g/L（4%）。所有鸡只均进行病理学和毒理学检查。0.75%和 2%组的鸡只出现内脏痛风的大体病变，而 4%组的鸡只表现出急性肾损伤，没有明显的尿酸内脏沉积。暴露组鸡只的红细胞计数、红细胞压积（PCV）和血红蛋白（Hb）水平均升高。血清中钠（Na(+))水平呈剂量相关性增加。在某些情况下，血清氯（Cl(-))和钾（K(+))水平相对降低。血清尿酸水平呈剂量相关性增加。处理组鸡的血液 pH 值向碱性方向偏移。显微镜检查显示，表现出内脏痛风的鸡只出现明显的肾脏变化，这些变化包括与肾小管坏死变化相关的尿酸沉积。第三组（2%）的一些鸡只在肾间质中形成尿酸肉芽肿（痛风石）。结论：鸡只痛风的发生可能与代谢性碱中毒状态有关，这种状态与电解质平衡的显著变化有关。
