Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Vet Res Commun. 2022 Jun;46(2):419-430. doi: 10.1007/s11259-021-09866-4. Epub 2021 Nov 30.
This study evaluated the diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunological effects of a commercial diuretic (CD) (composed of ammonium chloride, potassium citrate, sodium chloride, ascorbic acid, biotin, halfa bar extract, and hexamine) on chickens with induced urolithiasis. A total of 100 one-day-old white Hy-Line chicks were fed a basal diet containing 20% crude protein (CP) and 1% Ca until they reached 48 days of age. Then, the birds were divided into five groups (G1-G5). G1 was fed a basal diet and kept as a negative control, G2 was fed a high protein (HP) diet containing 25% crude protein, G3 was fed high calcium (HC) diet containing 5% Ca, G4 was fed HP diet supplemented with CD, and G5 was fed HC diet supplemented with CD. The CD was supplemented with drinking water (at a dose of 0.5 ml/ liter) for 1 week. The experiment was held for 78 days. Clinical signs, postmortem lesions, and mortality rates were observed. Biochemical analytes, redox status biomarkers, and expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured. Tissue samples were taken for histopathological examination. No signs of CD toxicity were observed during the toxicity test prior to the experiment. Compared to all groups, birds in G2 and G3 showed impaired renal function and alterations in biochemical, redox status, lipid peroxidation, post-mortem, and histopathological lesions along with upregulation of IL-6 and IFN-γ in the kidney and spleen. In conclusion, commercial diuretic supplementation for one week improves renal function, redox status, immune and anti-inflammatory responses in chickens with induced urolithiasis.
本研究评估了一种商业利尿剂（CD）（由氯化铵、柠檬酸钾、氯化钠、抗坏血酸、生物素、半胱氨酸提取物和六亚甲基四胺组成）对诱导尿石症的鸡的利尿、抗氧化、抗炎和免疫作用。共有 100 只 1 日龄白海兰小鸡喂食基础日粮，其中含有 20%粗蛋白（CP）和 1%钙，直至它们达到 48 日龄。然后，将这些鸟类分为五组（G1-G5）。G1 喂食基础日粮，作为阴性对照，G2 喂食含有 25%粗蛋白的高蛋白（HP）日粮，G3 喂食含有 5%钙的高钙（HC）日粮，G4 喂食补充 CD 的 HP 日粮，G5 喂食补充 CD 的 HC 日粮。CD 通过饮用水（剂量为 0.5 毫升/升）补充，持续 1 周。实验持续 78 天。观察临床症状、剖检病变和死亡率。测量生化分析物、氧化还原状态生物标志物以及白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）的表达。采集组织样本进行组织病理学检查。在实验前的毒性试验中，没有观察到 CD 毒性的迹象。与所有组相比，G2 和 G3 组的鸟类肾功能受损，生化、氧化还原状态、脂质过氧化、死后和组织病理学病变发生变化，肾脏和脾脏中 IL-6 和 IFN-γ 的表达上调。总之，在诱导尿石症的鸡中，补充商业利尿剂一周可改善肾功能、氧化还原状态、免疫和抗炎反应。
