WUR/TNO Centre for Food Toxicology, The Netherlands; Toxicology Group, Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, PO Box 8000, 6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;11(3-4):297-308. doi: 10.1016/s1382-6689(02)00006-6.
During the past few decades, many studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on colorectal carcinogenesis. This report provides a brief overview of the recent studies that have been performed in cultured colon cells, animal models as well as of the population-based and short-term biomarker studies with humans. No differential effect between n-6 and n-3 PUFAs has been observed in vitro. Results from animal models indicate that n-6 PUFAs have a tumor enhancing effect, predominantly during the post-initiation phase. n-3 PUFAs may protect against colorectal carcinogenesis during both the initiation and post-initiation phase. Population-based human studies show little or no associations between n-6 or n-3 PUFA intake and colorectal cancer. Short-term biomarker studies in humans suggest though that fish oil (FO) supplementation with high amounts of n-3 PUFAs may protect against colorectal carcinogenesis and that n-6 PUFA supplementation may increase the risk.
在过去几十年中，已经进行了许多研究来评估 n-6 和 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 对结直肠肿瘤发生的影响。本报告简要概述了在培养的结肠细胞、动物模型以及人群和短期生物标志物研究中进行的最新研究。体外观察到 n-6 和 n-3 PUFAs 之间没有差异作用。动物模型的结果表明，n-6 PUFAs 具有肿瘤促进作用，主要是在启动后阶段。n-3 PUFAs 可能在启动和启动后阶段都对结直肠肿瘤发生起到保护作用。基于人群的人类研究表明，n-6 或 n-3 PUFA 的摄入量与结直肠癌之间几乎没有关联。但在人类的短期生物标志物研究中表明，大量补充 n-3 PUFAs 的鱼油 (FO) 可能对结直肠肿瘤发生有保护作用，而 n-6 PUFA 补充可能会增加风险。
