Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
Nutr J. 2018 Oct 17;17(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s12937-018-0402-6.
The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast cancer is not clear and under debate. To explore this relationship it is important to have proper validated dietary assessment methods for measuring the intake of n-3 PUFAs. The aim of the current study is to validate two different methods used to assess the intake of selected n-3 PUFAs as well as food sources of long-chained n-3 PUFAs. Also, we aim to study how stable the intake of fatty acids is during breast cancer treatment.
The study-population was patients with breast cancer (Stages I-II) or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS-grade III) undergoing treatment (n = 49) in Norway. Dietary intake was assessed by two self-administered methods, a 256 food item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 7-day pre-coded food diary (PFD). The FFQ was administered presurgery and twelve months postsurgery, and the PFD was administered shortly after surgery (10 +/- 2 days), six and twelve months postsurgery. Fasting blood samples (presurgery, six and twelve months postsurgery) were analysed for serum phospholipid fatty acids, a biomarker for intake of n-3 PUFAs.
Mean (SD) age was 54.2 (7.8) years at diagnosis, and the mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) was 24.8 (3.4) kg/m. Correlation coefficients between dietary intakes of n-3 PUFAs measured with the FFQ and the PFD ranged from 0.35 to 0.66. The correlation coefficients between the PFD and the biomarker (serum phospholipid n-3 PUFAs) as well as between the FFQ and the biomarker demonstrated stronger correlations twelve months after surgery (ρ 0.40-0.56 and 0.36-0.53, respectively) compared to around surgery (ρ 0.08-0.20 and 0.28-0.38, respectively). The same pattern was observed for intake of fatty fish. The intake of n-3 PUFAs did not change during treatment assessed by the FFQ, PFD or biomarker.
These results indicate that the FFQ and the PFD can be used to assess dietary intake of fish and n-3 PUFAs in breast cancer patients during breast cancer treatment. Still, the PFD shortly after surgery should be used with caution. The diet of patients undergoing breast cancer treatment was quite stable, and the intake of n-3 PUFAs did not change.
n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）在乳腺癌中的作用尚不清楚，存在争议。为了探讨这种关系，重要的是要有适当的经过验证的饮食评估方法来测量 n-3 PUFAs 的摄入量。本研究的目的是验证两种不同的方法，用于评估选定的 n-3 PUFAs 以及长链 n-3 PUFAs 的食物来源的摄入量。此外，我们还旨在研究脂肪酸的摄入量在乳腺癌治疗期间的稳定性。
研究人群为挪威接受治疗的乳腺癌（I-II 期）或导管原位癌（DCIS-III 级）患者（n=49）。通过两种自我管理的方法评估饮食摄入，即 256 种食物的食物频率问卷（FFQ）和 7 天预编码食物日记（PFD）。FFQ 在手术前和手术后 12 个月进行，PFD 在手术后不久（10 +/- 2 天）、手术后 6 个月和 12 个月进行。空腹血样（术前、术后 6 个月和 12 个月）用于分析血清磷脂脂肪酸，这是 n-3 PUFAs 摄入量的生物标志物。
诊断时的平均（SD）年龄为 54.2（7.8）岁，平均（SD）体重指数（BMI）为 24.8（3.4）kg/m。FFQ 和 PFD 测量的 n-3 PUFAs 饮食摄入量之间的相关系数范围为 0.35 至 0.66。PFD 与生物标志物（血清磷脂 n-3 PUFAs）之间以及 FFQ 与生物标志物之间的相关系数在手术后 12 个月时显示出更强的相关性（ρ 0.40-0.56 和 0.36-0.53，分别），而在手术前后相关性较弱（ρ 0.08-0.20 和 0.28-0.38，分别）。对于食用油性鱼类的情况也是如此。通过 FFQ、PFD 或生物标志物评估，在治疗期间 n-3 PUFAs 的摄入量没有变化。
这些结果表明，FFQ 和 PFD 可用于评估乳腺癌患者在乳腺癌治疗期间的鱼类和 n-3 PUFAs 的饮食摄入量。不过，手术后不久的 PFD 应谨慎使用。接受乳腺癌治疗的患者的饮食相当稳定，n-3 PUFAs 的摄入量没有变化。
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