National Veterinary Institute, PO Box 8156 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;11(3-4):309-20. doi: 10.1016/s1382-6689(02)00020-0.
Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxic secondary metabolites of fungi that may be present in food and feed. Several of these mycotoxins have been associated with human and animal diseases. Fusarium species, found worldwide in cereals and other food types for human and animal consumption, are the most important toxigenic fungi in northern temperate regions. The overall economical loss and the detrimental health effects in humans and animals of mycotoxin contamination are enormous and therefore, rapid screening methods will form an important tool in the protection of humans and animals as well as to minimize economical losses by early detection. An overview of methods for the determination of cytotoxicity and the application of such bioassays to screen solid fungal cultures, cereals, respectively, food/feedstuffs for the presence and toxic potential of Fusarium mycotoxins is presented. Various cell lines including different endpoints of toxicity using vertebrate cells and the predictive value of the in vitro assays are reviewed. Bioassays are compared with existing chemical analytical methods and the possibilities and limitations of such systems are discussed. The review is based on 149 references.
真菌毒素是真菌自然产生的有毒次生代谢物，可能存在于食物和饲料中。其中一些真菌毒素与人类和动物疾病有关。镰刀菌属在世界各地的谷物和其他人类和动物食用的食物类型中都有发现，是北温带地区最重要的产毒真菌。真菌毒素污染对人类和动物造成的经济损失和健康危害是巨大的，因此，快速筛选方法将成为保护人类和动物以及通过早期检测最大限度减少经济损失的重要工具。本文概述了用于测定细胞毒性的方法，并介绍了将此类生物测定法应用于筛选固体真菌培养物、谷物和食品/饲料中是否存在镰刀菌真菌毒素及其毒性潜力的情况。本文综述了使用脊椎动物细胞的不同毒性终点的各种细胞系，以及体外测定的预测价值。生物测定法与现有的化学分析方法进行了比较，并讨论了此类系统的可能性和局限性。本综述基于 149 篇参考文献。
