在资源有限的环境下，复方新诺明预防用药对母乳喂养的、HIV 暴露的、HIV 阴性婴儿的健康的影响。
Impact of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis on the health of breast-fed, HIV-exposed, HIV-negative infants in a resource-limited setting.
机构信息
Department Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Family and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
出版信息
AIDS. 2011 Sep 10;25(14):1797-9. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834ad699.
WHO guidelines recommend cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (CTXP) in all HIV-exposed negative infants who are still breastfeeding. This is based on the evidence of efficacy in HIV-infected infants, but there is no evidence of benefit in HIV-negative, breast-fed infants. We assessed the impact of CTXP on diarrhoeal and respiratory morbidity in breast-fed, HIV-exposed negative infants in a community programme. CTXP for more than 60 days showed no consistent evidence of benefit for incidence of lower respiratory tract infection [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-1.26; P = 0.241] but an increased incidence of diarrhoea (IRR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.98-1.94; P = 0.065). The guidelines should be reconsidered by conducting a randomized control trial.
世界卫生组织指南建议对所有仍在母乳喂养的 HIV 阴性暴露婴儿使用复方新诺明预防（CTXP）。这是基于在 HIV 感染婴儿中有效性的证据，但在 HIV 阴性、母乳喂养的婴儿中没有获益的证据。我们在社区项目中评估了 CTXP 对母乳喂养的 HIV 阴性暴露婴儿腹泻和呼吸道发病率的影响。CTXP 超过 60 天对下呼吸道感染的发生率没有一致的获益证据[发病率比（IRR）0.71，95%置信区间（CI）0.39-1.26；P = 0.241]，但腹泻的发病率增加（IRR = 1.38，95% CI 0.98-1.94；P = 0.065）。应通过进行随机对照试验来重新考虑该指南。
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