Pitkin R M, Perloff J K, Koos B J, Beall M H
Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine.
Ann Intern Med. 1990 Mar 15;112(6):445-54. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-76-3-112-6-445.
Congenital heart disease as a complicating factor in pregnancy has assumed increasing clinical importance because improved techniques of surgical repair have resulted in a larger proportion of affected women living to the reproductive age. The most serious forms are those associated with pulmonary hypertension (such as the Eisenmenger syndrome), which carry a prohibitively high risk of maternal death. Complex forms of cyanotic heart disease, of which the commonest is the tetralogy of Fallot, are only slightly less dangerous. It has recently been recognized that children born to women with congenital heart disease are at increased risk of having cardiac defects; fetal echocardiography is therefore an important diagnostic test. Optimal care of the pregnant woman with congenital heart disease is best provided by a team consisting of internist-cardiologist, obstetrician-perinatologist, obstetric anesthesiologist, and ultrasonographer-echocardiographer.
先天性心脏病作为妊娠的一个并发症因素，其临床重要性日益增加，因为外科修复技术的改进使得更多患此病的女性活到了生育年龄。最严重的类型是那些与肺动脉高压相关的疾病（如艾森曼格综合征），孕产妇死亡风险极高。复杂型青紫型心脏病，其中最常见的是法洛四联症，危险性略低。最近人们认识到，患有先天性心脏病的女性所生的孩子患心脏缺陷的风险增加；因此，胎儿超声心动图是一项重要的诊断检查。对患有先天性心脏病的孕妇进行最佳护理，最好由内科心脏病专家、产科围产医学专家、产科麻醉师和超声心动图检查医师组成的团队来提供。
