Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2012 Jan;40(1):127-34. doi: 10.3758/s13421-011-0129-5.
A signal detection analysis assessed the extent to which forced confabulation results from a change in memory sensitivity (d(a)), as well as response criterion (β). After viewing a crime video, participants answered 14 answerable and 6 unanswerable questions. Those in the voluntary guess condition had a "don't know" response option; those in the forced guess condition did not. One week later, the same questions were answered using a recognition memory test that included each participant's initial responses. As was predicted, on both answerable and unanswerable questions, participants in the forced guess condition had significantly lower response criteria than did those who voluntarily guessed. Furthermore, on both answerable and unanswerable questions, d(a) scores were also significantly lower in the forced than in the voluntary guess condition. Thus, the forced confabulation effect is a real memory effect above and beyond the effects of response bias; forcing eyewitnesses to guess or speculate can actually change their memory.
一项信号检测分析评估了强制编造在多大程度上是由于记忆敏感性（d(a)）以及反应标准（β）的变化所致。在观看犯罪视频后，参与者回答了 14 个可回答和 6 个不可回答的问题。在自愿猜测条件下，参与者有“不知道”的反应选项；在强制猜测条件下则没有。一周后，使用包括每个参与者最初回答的识别记忆测试来回答相同的问题。正如所预测的，在可回答和不可回答的问题上，强制猜测条件下的参与者的反应标准明显低于自愿猜测的参与者。此外，在可回答和不可回答的问题上，强制猜测条件下的 d(a)得分也明显低于自愿猜测条件。因此，强制编造的影响是一种真实的记忆效应，超出了反应偏差的影响；强迫目击者猜测或推测实际上会改变他们的记忆。
