Zaragoza M S, Payment K E, Ackil J K, Drivdahl S B, Beck M
Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2001 Nov;12(6):473-7. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00388.
In two experiments, adults who witnessed a videotaped event subsequently engaged in face-to-face interviews during which they were forced to confabulate information about the events they had seen. The interviewer selectively reinforced some of the participants' confabulated responses by providing confirmatory feedback (e.g., "Yes, ______ is the correct answer") and provided neutral (uninformative) feedback for the remaining confabulated responses (e.g., "O.K_____". One week later participants developed false memories for the events they had earlier confabulated knowingly. However confirmatory feedback increased false memory for forcibly confabulated events, increased confidence in those false memories, and increased the likelihood that participants wouldfreely report the confabulated events 1 to 2 months later The results illustrate the powerful role of social-motivational factors in promoting the development offalse memories.
在两项实验中，目睹录像事件的成年人随后参加了面对面访谈，期间他们被迫虚构有关所目睹事件的信息。访谈者通过提供确认性反馈（例如，“是的，_是正确答案”）来选择性地强化一些参与者虚构的回答，并对其余虚构的回答提供中性（无信息性）反馈（例如，“好的”）。一周后，参与者对他们之前故意虚构的事件产生了错误记忆。然而，确认性反馈增加了对被迫虚构事件的错误记忆，增强了对这些错误记忆的信心，并增加了参与者在1至2个月后自由报告虚构事件的可能性。结果说明了社会动机因素在促进错误记忆发展方面的强大作用。
