Institute of Inorganic Technology and Mineral Fertilizers, Wrocław University of Technology, ul. Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010 May;29(3):314-9. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.03.010. Epub 2010 Mar 16.
In the present work, reference values for the content of elements in human hair were elaborated. The population chosen for the study was a group of students in Polish urban area, which served as a representative group of a population of 20 years old individuals living in Europe. The content of 36 elements (essential (B, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, S, Si, Sn, V, Zn), toxic (Al, As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl) elements and others (Ag, Ba, Bi, Ce, La, Li, Rb, Sr, Ti, Y, Zr)) was determined in hair sampled from 117 subjects. Hair were digested with nitric acid in microwave oven in closed Teflon bombs and underwent multielemental analysis for the content of macroelements by ICP-OES and for micro- and trace elements by ICP-MS. Reference ranges were determined and considered as the values between 10th and 90th percentile. It was assumed that the values of the extreme low and high 10% in the population reflected mineral imbalance. In the population, a group of females and males was distinguished, and also a group of women which tinted their hair was separated. This enabled to point out the differences in hair mineral content between genders and for tinted and non-tinted hair. Statistical significance of differences was found for several elements, for which separate reference values were elaborated. This concerned the following elements: Ba, Ca, Cu, K, La, Mg, Mn, Si, Sr and Ti. In the interpretation of the level of these elements it is necessary to take into consideration both sex and artificial coloring. Also ratios between elements were evaluated - between nutritive (Ca/Mg, Ca/P, Na/K, Zn/Cu) and nutritive vs. toxic (Zn/Cd, Zn/Pb). In this case the differences were detected only for Ca/P ratio. This shows that perhaps in the future, inter-element ratios rather than the absolute levels of elements would be considered for the interpretation of the results of mineral analysis of hair.
在本工作中，阐述了人发中元素含量的参考值。选择的研究人群是波兰城区的一组学生，他们作为生活在欧洲的 20 岁人群的代表性群体。从 117 名受试者的头发中测定了 36 种元素（必需元素（B、Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、P、S、Si、Sn、V、Zn）、有毒元素（Al、As、Cd、Hg、Ni、Pb、Sb、Tl）和其他元素（Ag、Ba、Bi、Ce、La、Li、Rb、Sr、Ti、Y、Zr））的含量。头发用硝酸在微波消解罐中消解，在聚四氟乙烯消解罐中消解，并用 ICP-OES 法测定常量元素的含量，用 ICP-MS 法测定微量元素和痕量元素的含量。确定了参考范围，并认为参考范围值在第 10 百分位到第 90 百分位之间。假定人群中第 10%和第 90%的极端低值和高值反映了矿物质失衡。在人群中，区分了男性和女性，还区分了染发的女性。这使得我们能够指出性别、染发和未染发头发之间头发矿物质含量的差异。对于一些元素，我们发现了统计学意义上的差异，因此为这些元素制定了单独的参考值。这些元素包括：Ba、Ca、Cu、K、La、Mg、Mn、Si、Sr 和 Ti。在解释这些元素的水平时，必须考虑性别和人工染发。还评估了元素之间的比值，包括营养元素（Ca/Mg、Ca/P、Na/K、Zn/Cu）和营养元素与有毒元素（Zn/Cd、Zn/Pb）之间的比值。在这种情况下，仅检测到 Ca/P 比值的差异。这表明，也许在未来，对于头发矿物质分析结果的解释，人们会考虑元素之间的比值，而不是元素的绝对水平。
