Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Sep;91(6):1519-23. doi: 10.1007/s00253-011-3495-9. Epub 2011 Jul 26.
Thermochemical processing of biomass by fast pyrolysis provides a nonenzymatic route for depolymerization of biomass into sugars that can be used for the biological production of fuels and chemicals. Fermentative utilization of this bio-oil faces two formidable challenges. First is the fact that most bio-oil-associated sugars are present in the anhydrous form. Metabolic engineering has enabled utilization of the main anhydrosugar, levoglucosan, in workhorse biocatalysts. The second challenge is the fact that bio-oil is rich in microbial inhibitors. Collection of bio-oil in distinct fractions, detoxification of bio-oil prior to fermentation, and increased robustness of the biocatalyst have all proven effective methods for addressing this inhibition.
通过快速热解对生物质进行热化学处理，为生物质解聚成糖提供了一种非酶途径，这些糖可用于生物燃料和化学品的生产。这种生物油的发酵利用面临两个艰巨的挑战。首先，大多数与生物油相关的糖都以无水形式存在。代谢工程使主要的无水糖——左旋葡聚糖，能够在主力生物催化剂中得到利用。第二个挑战是生物油富含微生物抑制剂。将生物油收集为不同的馏分，在发酵前对生物油进行解毒，以及提高生物催化剂的稳健性，这些都是解决这种抑制作用的有效方法。
