Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders.

During the past two decades, there has been an increased recognition that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is overrepresented in treatment and community populations of both adolescents and adults with substance use disorders (SUDs). This chapter explores this relationship, including a review of the prevalence of this comorbidity, ADHD and the risk for the development of SUDs. Possible neurobiological underpinnings of the relationship are also discussed. Because of the salience of the association between smoking (tobacco) and ADHD, this topic is included in the discussion of substance use and SUDs.