Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008 Nov;26(3):283-9. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.05.007. Epub 2008 Jun 8.
A new assay with Daphnia, which can be used as a time, cost, and human effort-saving tool in the development of effective antidotes against organophosphate intoxications, is presented. Five concentrations of atropine (antimuscarinic anticholinergics) as well as a reactivator (trimedoxime) were tested to define the optimal dosage. Various reactivators (trimedoxime, obidoxime) were used to examine difference in effectivity of treatments. The most effective dose of trimedoxime corresponded to the 75% of its EC(50)(24) value, i.e. 77.85mgl(-1). The most effective dose of atropine corresponded to the 25% of its EC(50)(24) value, i.e. 104.70mgl(-1). The most effective treatment was a combined atropine-obidoxime treatment, followed by the combined atropine-trimedoxime treatment, the atropine only and the obidoxime only treatments. The efficacy of the trimedoxime only treatment was doubtful. The surprisingly high efficacy of obidoxime in the obidoxime only treatment indicates that some oximes might act in daphnids not just as reactivators but also by some other mechanisms.
本文介绍了一种新的大型溞检测法，这种方法可节约开发有机磷解毒剂的时间、成本和人力，是一种有效工具。我们测试了五种浓度的阿托品（抗毒蕈碱类抗胆碱能药物）和一种重活化剂（三羟甲基肟），以确定最佳剂量。我们使用不同的重活化剂（三羟甲基肟、双羟肟酸）来检测治疗效果的差异。三羟甲基肟的最有效剂量相当于其 EC（50）（24）值的 75%，即 77.85mgl（-1）。阿托品的最有效剂量相当于其 EC（50）（24）值的 25%，即 104.70mgl（-1）。最有效的治疗方法是阿托品-双羟肟酸联合治疗，其次是阿托品-三羟甲基肟联合治疗，单独使用阿托品和单独使用双羟肟酸治疗。单独使用三羟甲基肟治疗的效果值得怀疑。双羟肟酸在单独使用双羟肟酸治疗中的惊人疗效表明，某些肟类化合物在大型溞中可能不仅作为重活化剂，而且还通过其他一些机制发挥作用。
