Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
Clin Sci (Lond). 2011 Nov;121(10):415-26. doi: 10.1042/CS20110065.
TLRs (Toll-like receptors), as evolutionarily conserved germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors, have a crucial role in early host defence by recognizing so-called PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and may serve as an important link between innate and adaptive immunity. In the liver, TLRs play an important role in the wound healing and regeneration processes, but they are also involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various inflammatory liver diseases, including autoimmune liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrogenesis, and chronic HBV (hepatitis B virus) and HCV (hepatitis C virus) infection. Hepatitis viruses have developed different evading strategies to subvert the innate immune system. Thus recent studies have suggested that TLR-based therapies may represent a promising approach in the treatment in viral hepatitis. The present review focuses on the role of the local innate immune system, and TLRs in particular, in the liver.
TLRs（Toll-like receptors）作为进化上保守的胚系编码的模式识别受体，通过识别所谓的 PAMPs（病原体相关分子模式）在早期宿主防御中起着至关重要的作用，并且可能是先天免疫和适应性免疫之间的重要联系。在肝脏中，TLRs 在伤口愈合和再生过程中发挥重要作用，但它们也参与各种炎症性肝病的发病机制和进展，包括自身免疫性肝病、酒精性肝病、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、纤维化以及慢性乙型肝炎（HBV）和丙型肝炎（HCV）感染。肝炎病毒已开发出不同的逃避策略来颠覆先天免疫系统。因此，最近的研究表明，基于 TLR 的治疗方法可能是治疗病毒性肝炎的一种有前途的方法。本综述重点介绍局部先天免疫系统，特别是 TLRs 在肝脏中的作用。
