Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-100, Brazil.
World J Gastroenterol. 2011 Jul 7;17(25):3027-34. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i25.3027.
To determine hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence and its genotypes, and to identify the factors associated with HCV infection.
This cross-sectional study, conducted in two prisons (one male and one female) in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, comprised 422 subjects. All of the prisoners underwent a rapid test for the detection of HCV antibodies. Patients with a positive result were tested for anti-HCV by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and for HCV RNA by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The virus genotype was defined in every serum sample that presented positive for PCR-HCV. In order to determine the factors independently associated with positive serology for HCV, multivariate logistic regression was used.
HCV seroprevalence was 3.1%. Of the 13 subjects with positive anti-HCV, 11 had viremia confirmed by PCR. Of these, 90.9% had genotype 1. A total of 43 (10.2%) were injecting drug users, and HCV seroprevalence in this subgroup was 20.6%. The variable most strongly associated with positive serology for HCV was use of injecting drugs [odds ratio (OR), 23.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 6.0-90.8]. Age over 30 years (OR, 5.5; 95%CI, 1.1-29.2), history of syphilis (OR, 9.8; 95%CI, 1.7-55.2) and history of household contact with HCV positive individual (OR, 14.1; 95%CI, 2.3-85.4) were also independently associated with HCV infection.
Most of the HCV transmissions result from parenteral exposure. However, there is evidence to suggest a role for sex and household contact with an infected subject in virus transmission.
确定丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的血清流行率及其基因型，并确定与 HCV 感染相关的因素。
这是一项在巴西塞尔希培州的两所监狱（一所男监，一所女监）进行的横断面研究，共纳入 422 名受试者。所有囚犯均接受 HCV 抗体快速检测。对结果阳性者，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测抗-HCV，采用定性聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测 HCV RNA。对 PCR-HCV 阳性的每一份血清样本，均检测病毒基因型。采用多变量逻辑回归确定与 HCV 血清学阳性独立相关的因素。
HCV 血清流行率为 3.1%。在 13 例抗-HCV 阳性者中，有 11 例经 PCR 证实存在病毒血症。其中，90.9%为基因型 1。共有 43 名（10.2%）为静脉吸毒者，该亚组的 HCV 血清流行率为 20.6%。与 HCV 血清学阳性最密切相关的变量是使用静脉注射药物[比值比（OR），23.3；95%置信区间（CI），6.0-90.8]。年龄超过 30 岁（OR，5.5；95%CI，1.1-29.2）、梅毒史（OR，9.8；95%CI，1.7-55.2）和与 HCV 阳性个体的家庭接触史（OR，14.1；95%CI，2.3-85.4）也与 HCV 感染独立相关。
大多数 HCV 传播是通过注射途径暴露所致。然而，有证据表明性传播和与感染个体的家庭接触在病毒传播中也发挥了作用。
