Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Expert Rev Hematol. 2011 Aug;4(4):427-36. doi: 10.1586/ehm.11.42.
The introduction of all-trans retinoic acid in 1985 combined with anthracycline-based chemotherapy has revolutionized the prognosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with current complete response rates of more than 90% and cure rates of approximately 80%. The subsequent advent of arsenic trioxide in 1994 marked an additional milestone in APL treatment and has inspired the design of rationally targeted, chemotherapy-free front-line treatment regimens without compromising the excellent outcome achieved by anthracycline-containing protocols. APL is, therefore, a unique subtype of acute myeloid leukemia potentially curable with targeted therapies without any exposure to conventional DNA-damaging chemotherapy. Cure rates of APL can be further increased by implementing management strategies to reduce early hemorrhagic deaths, which remain the major cause of treatment failure with the current therapy.
1985 年全反式维甲酸的引入与蒽环类药物为基础的化疗相结合，彻底改变了急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）的预后，目前完全缓解率超过 90%，治愈率约为 80%。随后，1994 年三氧化二砷的问世标志着 APL 治疗的另一个里程碑，激发了合理靶向、无化疗一线治疗方案的设计，而不影响蒽环类药物方案所取得的优异疗效。因此，APL 是一种独特的急性髓系白血病亚型，通过靶向治疗有可能治愈，而无需接触常规的 DNA 损伤化疗药物。通过实施管理策略来降低早期出血性死亡，可进一步提高 APL 的治愈率，目前这种疗法仍是治疗失败的主要原因。
