Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, 250 Park Avenue South, Room 633, MC: 9479, New York, NY 10003-1402, USA.
BMC Cancer. 2011 Jul 29;11:324. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-324.
Oral cancer incidence is high on the Island of Puerto Rico (PR), particularly among males. As part of a larger study conducted in PR, we evaluated smoking and drinking as risk factors for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).
Persons diagnosed with either an OPMD (n = 86) [oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), oral hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia without OED] or a benign oral tissue condition (n = 155) were identified through PR pathology laboratories. Subjects were interviewed using a standardized, structured questionnaire that obtained information, including detailed histories of smoking and drinking. Odds ratios (ORs) for smoking and drinking in relation to having an OPMD, relative to persons with a benign oral tissue condition, were obtained using logistic regression and adjusted for age, gender, education, fruit/vegetable intake and smoking or drinking.
For persons with an OPMD and relative to individuals with a benign oral tissue condition, the adjusted OR for current smoking was 4.32 (95% CI: 1.99-9.38), while for former smokers, the ORadj was 1.47 (95% CI: 0.67-3.21), each ORadj relative to never smokers. With regard to drinking, no adjusted ORs approached statistical significance, and few point estimates exceeded 1.0, whether consumption was defined in terms of ever, current, level (drinks/week), or beverage type.
In this study, conducted in Puerto Rico, current smoking was a substantial risk factor for OPMDs while former smokers had a considerably reduced risk compared to current smokers. There was little evidence suggesting that alcohol consumption was positively associated with OPMD risk.
波多黎各（PR）的口腔癌发病率很高，尤其是男性。作为在 PR 进行的一项更大规模研究的一部分，我们评估了吸烟和饮酒作为口腔潜在恶性疾病（OPMD）的危险因素。
通过 PR 病理实验室，确定了患有 OPMD（n = 86）[口腔上皮异型增生（OED），无 OED 的口腔过度角化/上皮增生]或良性口腔组织疾病（n = 155）的个体。使用标准化的结构化问卷对受试者进行访谈，以获取信息，包括吸烟和饮酒的详细病史。使用逻辑回归获得了与良性口腔组织疾病相比，患有 OPMD 的个体吸烟和饮酒与 OPMD 之间的比值比（OR），并针对年龄、性别、教育程度、水果/蔬菜摄入量以及吸烟或饮酒进行了调整。
对于患有 OPMD 的个体，与患有良性口腔组织疾病的个体相比，当前吸烟的调整后 OR 为 4.32（95%CI：1.99-9.38），而对于曾经吸烟者，ORadj 为 1.47（95%CI：0.67-3.21），每个 ORadj 均相对于从不吸烟者。关于饮酒，没有调整后的 OR 接近统计学意义，并且很少有估计值超过 1.0，无论以曾经、当前、水平（每周饮酒量）还是饮料类型来定义饮酒。
在这项在波多黎各进行的研究中，当前吸烟是 OPMD 的重要危险因素，而曾经吸烟者与当前吸烟者相比，风险大大降低。几乎没有证据表明饮酒与 OPMD 风险呈正相关。
