Lenartowski Robert, Goc Anna
Nicolaus Copernicus University, Institute of General and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Int J Dev Neurosci. 2011 Dec;29(8):873-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.07.006. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, EC 1.14.16.2) gene and protein determines the catecholamine level, which, in turn, is crucial for the organism homeostasis. The TH gene expression is regulated by near all possible regulatory mechanisms on epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Ongoing molecular characteristic of the TH gene reveals some of the cis and trans elements necessary for its proper expression but most of them especially these responsible for tissue specific expression remain still obscure. This review will focus on some aspects of TH regulation including spatial chromatin organization of the TH locus and TH gene, regulatory elements mediating basal, induced and cell-specific activity, transcriptional elongation, alternative TH RNA processing, and the regulation of TH RNA stability in the cell.
酪氨酸羟化酶（TH，EC 1.14.16.2）基因和蛋白质的活性决定了儿茶酚胺水平，而儿茶酚胺水平对于机体稳态至关重要。TH基因表达在表观遗传、转录和转录后水平上几乎受到所有可能的调控机制的调节。对TH基因正在进行的分子特征研究揭示了其正常表达所需的一些顺式和反式元件，但其中大多数元件，尤其是那些负责组织特异性表达的元件，仍然不清楚。本综述将聚焦于TH调控的一些方面，包括TH基因座和TH基因的空间染色质组织、介导基础活性、诱导活性和细胞特异性活性的调控元件、转录延伸、TH RNA的可变加工以及细胞中TH RNA稳定性的调控。
