在斯里兰卡中部山区，由于大量未识别的蛇咬伤，罗素的蝰蛇（Daboia russelii）和驼峰鼻蝰（Hypnale species）咬伤之间存在相似之处。

Parallels between Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) and hump-nosed viper (Hypnale species) bites in the central hills of Sri Lanka amidst the heavy burden of unidentified snake bites.

机构信息

Teaching Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

出版信息

Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Jul;4(7):564-7. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60147-8.

DOI:10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60147-8

PMID:21803310

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To describe the epidemiology of snake bite in the region and attempt to compare proven Russell's viper with hump-nosed viper bites.

METHODS

All snake bite admissions to the Toxicology Unit of Teaching Hospital Peradeniya over three year from 2006 were included.

RESULTS

Of the 776 snakebites, 665(86%) were unidentified and non-envenomed. Hump-nosed viper and Russell's viper accounted for 55(7%) and 40(5%) bites respectively, of them, incriminated snakes were found in 36(65%) and 19(48%) cases. The cobra bites-5, krait bites-0. The median ages: Russell's viper bites-41(range 16-66), hump-nosed viper bites-42(range 15-75). The gender incidence, time of bite (>58% daytime) were similar. In hump-nosed viper bite; upper limb involved in 13(36%), happened at home garden in 22(61%), none in paddy fields. In Russell's viper bite; 6(33%) occurred in paddy fields. Dry bites were similar at 5%. In hump-nosed viper bite: local effects 94%, coagulopathy 3%, acute renal failure 3% and one patient died. In Russell's viper bite; local effects 84%, coagulopathy 53%, neurotoxicity 21%. Abdominal pain occurred only in Russell's viper bites 10(53%).

CONCLUSIONS

Overwhelming numbers of unidentified, non-envenomed snakebites are common in the central hills. Some distinctive differences were observed between Russell's viper and hump-nosed viper bites.

摘要

目的

描述该地区蛇咬伤的流行病学情况，并尝试比较已证实的圆斑蝰蛇咬伤与烙铁头蛇咬伤。

方法

纳入 2006 年以来教学医院毒理学系三年间所有蛇咬伤住院患者。

结果

776 例蛇咬伤中，665 例（86%）为未识别且未中毒。烙铁头蛇和圆斑蝰蛇分别占 55（7%）和 40（5%），其中 36 例（65%）和 19 例（48%）发现了肇事蛇。眼镜蛇咬伤-5 例，金环蛇咬伤-0 例。圆斑蝰蛇咬伤的中位数年龄为 41 岁（范围 16-66 岁），烙铁头蛇咬伤的中位数年龄为 42 岁（范围 15-75 岁）。性别发病率、咬伤时间（>58%发生在白天）相似。在烙铁头蛇咬伤中，上肢受累 13 例（36%），发生在自家花园 22 例（61%），无稻田病例。在圆斑蝰蛇咬伤中，6 例（33%）发生在稻田。干咬的发生率相似，为 5%。在烙铁头蛇咬伤中：局部影响 94%，凝血功能障碍 3%，急性肾衰竭 3%，1 例死亡。在圆斑蝰蛇咬伤中：局部影响 84%，凝血功能障碍 53%，神经毒性 21%。仅在圆斑蝰蛇咬伤中观察到腹痛 10 例（53%）。