Laboratorio de Ecotono, INIBIOMA-CONICET and CRUB-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
Ecol Lett. 2011 Oct;14(10):1062-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01669.x. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
Sustainable agricultural landscapes by definition provide high magnitude and stability of ecosystem services, biodiversity and crop productivity. However, few studies have considered landscape effects on the stability of ecosystem services. We tested whether isolation from florally diverse natural and semi-natural areas reduces the spatial and temporal stability of flower-visitor richness and pollination services in crop fields. We synthesised data from 29 studies with contrasting biomes, crop species and pollinator communities. Stability of flower-visitor richness, visitation rate (all insects except honey bees) and fruit set all decreased with distance from natural areas. At 1 km from adjacent natural areas, spatial stability decreased by 25, 16 and 9% for richness, visitation and fruit set, respectively, while temporal stability decreased by 39% for richness and 13% for visitation. Mean richness, visitation and fruit set also decreased with isolation, by 34, 27 and 16% at 1 km respectively. In contrast, honey bee visitation did not change with isolation and represented > 25% of crop visits in 21 studies. Therefore, wild pollinators are relevant for crop productivity and stability even when honey bees are abundant. Policies to preserve and restore natural areas in agricultural landscapes should enhance levels and reliability of pollination services.
可持续农业景观从定义上讲，提供了大量和稳定的生态系统服务、生物多样性和作物生产力。然而，很少有研究考虑景观对生态系统服务稳定性的影响。我们测试了与花多样性的自然和半自然区域隔离是否会降低作物田中花访客丰富度和传粉服务的空间和时间稳定性。我们综合了来自 29 项具有不同生物群落、作物物种和传粉者群落的研究的数据。花访客丰富度、访问率（除蜜蜂外的所有昆虫）和结实率的稳定性都随着与自然区域的距离而降低。在距离相邻自然区域 1 公里处，丰富度、访问和结实率的空间稳定性分别降低了 25%、16%和 9%，而丰富度和访问的时间稳定性分别降低了 39%和 13%。平均丰富度、访问和结实率也随着隔离而降低，在 1 公里处分别降低了 34%、27%和 16%。相比之下，蜜蜂的访问量并不随隔离而变化，在 21 项研究中占作物访问量的>25%。因此，即使蜜蜂丰富，野生传粉者对作物生产力和稳定性仍然很重要。在农业景观中保护和恢复自然区域的政策应提高授粉服务的水平和可靠性。
