Sherman D M
Department of Environmental and Population Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
Rev Sci Tech. 2011 Apr;30(1):207-17. doi: 10.20506/rst.30.1.2036.
While the international trade in small ruminants and small ruminant products is small relative to the trade in bovine, swine and poultry products, it is still economically important. In addition to wool, it includes some unique products (such as goat and sheep milk cheeses, cashmere fibre and karakul pelts) and the sheep/goat meat trade plays a large part in sustaining livelihoods in several regions of the world. The trade in small ruminants and their products also merits consideration because sheep and goats may transmit zoonotic diseases such as Rift Valley fever, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, brucellosis and listeriosis. They also may transmit highly infectious livestock diseases, such as peste des petits ruminants, to naïve populations of small ruminants in other countries. This can have dramatic consequences, particularly for poor people whose livelihood often depends on small ruminants. In addition, sheep and goats can serve as an important source of foot and mouth disease (FMD) for cattle. This has enormous global trade implications and it is important, therefore, that sheep and goats be considered in FMD control programmes aimed at improving access to trade.
虽然小反刍动物及其产品的国际贸易相对于牛、猪和家禽产品的贸易规模较小，但仍然具有重要的经济意义。除羊毛外，还包括一些独特的产品（如山羊奶酪和绵羊奶酪、羊绒纤维和卡拉库尔羔羊皮），并且绵羊/山羊肉贸易在世界多个地区维持生计方面发挥着重要作用。小反刍动物及其产品的贸易也值得关注，因为绵羊和山羊可能传播人畜共患病，如裂谷热、克里米亚刚果出血热、布鲁氏菌病和李斯特菌病。它们还可能将高传染性的家畜疾病，如小反刍兽疫，传播给其他国家易感的小反刍动物群体。这可能会产生严重后果，尤其是对那些生计往往依赖小反刍动物的贫困人口而言。此外，绵羊和山羊可能成为牛口蹄疫的重要传染源。这对全球贸易有着巨大影响，因此，在旨在改善贸易准入的口蹄疫控制计划中考虑绵羊和山羊非常重要。
