Chan Abigail Hui En, Kaenkaew Chanisara, Pakdee Wallop, Sungpradit Sivapong, Thaenkham Urusa
Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
BMC Vet Res. 2025 Apr 4;21(1):245. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04700-4.
This study provides crucial insights into the prevalence and drug resistance patterns of strongylid gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in goats in Thailand, highlighting resistance to albendazole and levamisole. Strongylids, particularly Haemonchus sp. and Trichostrongylus sp., pose a significant threat to goat health. With the global rise of anthelmintic resistance, the detection of multidrug resistance in Thailand's goat population is concerning, given the frequent import and export of goats. This resistance challenges effective parasite control strategies. This study aimed to identify strongylid species using both morphological and genetic methods and to assess resistance to albendazole and levamisole through phenotypic and molecular approaches.
Fecal samples from 30 goat farms in Ratchaburi Province revealed a high prevalence of strongylid infection (87%), with Haemonchus sp. and Trichostrongylus sp. detected on 100% and 96% of farms, respectively. Phenotypic assays demonstrated significant drug resistance, with 90% and 71% of farms harboring strongylid populations resistant to albendazole and levamisole, respectively. Genotypic analysis of pooled infective larvae showed that 100% of farms had albendazole-resistant strongylid populations, with 31% homozygous and 69% heterozygous resistance, and Trichostrongylus sp. showing 48% homozygous and 52% heterozygous resistance. For levamisole resistance, 92% of farms contained resistant strongylid populations, with Haemonchus sp. exhibiting 11% homozygous and 81% heterozygous resistance.
This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic resistance in strongylid nematodes in Ratchaburi Province, addressing a key geographical gap in Thailand's resistance data. The findings highlight the urgent need to reassess GIN management practices and develop sustainable strategies to mitigate resistance. Furthermore, these results have significant implications for transboundary livestock health, emphasizing the necessity of collaborative efforts to combat the growing challenge to anthelmintic drugs.
本研究为泰国山羊体内圆线虫（GINs）的流行情况和耐药模式提供了关键见解，突出了对阿苯达唑和左旋咪唑的耐药性。圆线虫，尤其是血矛线虫属和毛圆线虫属，对山羊健康构成重大威胁。随着全球抗蠕虫药耐药性的上升，鉴于泰国山羊频繁进出口，该国山羊群体中多重耐药性的检测令人担忧。这种耐药性对有效的寄生虫控制策略构成挑战。本研究旨在通过形态学和遗传学方法鉴定圆线虫种类，并通过表型和分子方法评估对阿苯达唑和左旋咪唑的耐药性。
来自叻丕府30个山羊养殖场的粪便样本显示圆线虫感染率很高（87%），分别在100%和96%的养殖场检测到血矛线虫属和毛圆线虫属。表型分析显示出显著的耐药性，分别有90%和71%的养殖场的圆线虫群体对阿苯达唑和左旋咪唑耐药。对混合感染性幼虫的基因型分析表明，100%的养殖场存在对阿苯达唑耐药的圆线虫群体，其中31%为纯合耐药，69%为杂合耐药，毛圆线虫属显示48%为纯合耐药，52%为杂合耐药。对于左旋咪唑耐药性，92%的养殖场含有耐药的圆线虫群体，血矛线虫属显示11%为纯合耐药，81%为杂合耐药。
本研究首次对叻丕府圆线虫的表型和基因型耐药性进行了全面评估，填补了泰国耐药数据中的一个关键地理空白。研究结果突出了重新评估胃肠道线虫管理措施并制定可持续策略以减轻耐药性的迫切需求。此外，这些结果对跨界家畜健康具有重要意义，强调了共同努力应对抗蠕虫药日益严峻挑战的必要性。
