Centre for Research on Occupational and Life Stress, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
Psychol Health. 2012;27(2):242-58. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2011.603423. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
The Type D personality, identified by high negative affectivity paired with high social inhibition, has been associated with a number of health-related outcomes in (mainly) cardiac populations. However, despite its prevalence in the health-related literature, how this personality construct fits within existing personality theory has not been directly tested. Using a sample of 134 healthy university students, this study examined the Type D personality in terms of two well-established personality traits; introversion and neuroticism. Construct, concurrent and discriminant validity of this personality type was established through examination of the associations between the Type D personality and psychometrically assessed anxiety, depression and stress, as well as measurement of resting cardiovascular function. Results showed that while the Type D personality was easily represented using alternative measures of both introversion and neuroticism, associations with anxiety, depression and stress were mainly accounted for by neuroticism. Conversely, however, associations with resting cardiac output were attributable to the negative affectivity-social inhibition synergy, explicit within the Type D construct. Consequently, both the construct and concurrent validity of this personality type were confirmed, with discriminant validity evident on examination of physiological indices of well-being.
D 型人格特征表现为高度消极情感和高度社交抑制并存，与（主要）心脏人群的许多健康相关结果有关。然而，尽管它在与健康相关的文献中很普遍，但这种人格结构如何与现有的人格理论相契合尚未得到直接检验。本研究使用了 134 名健康大学生的样本，从两个成熟的人格特质——内向和神经质——的角度来研究 D 型人格。通过考察 D 型人格与心理评估的焦虑、抑郁和压力之间的关联，以及测量静息心血管功能，来确定这种人格类型的结构、同时和判别有效性。结果表明，虽然 D 型人格可以通过替代的内向和神经质测量来很好地表示，但与焦虑、抑郁和压力的关联主要由神经质来解释。相反，然而，与静息心输出量的关联归因于 D 型人格结构中的消极情感-社交抑制协同作用。因此，这种人格类型的结构和同时有效性得到了确认，通过对幸福感的生理指标进行检查，也显示出了判别有效性。
