Grant I, Heaton R K
University of California, San Diego School of Medicine.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1990 Feb;58(1):22-30. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.58.1.22.
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus Type-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS, can be associated with central nervous system as well as immune system disease. Advanced AIDS can be complicated by a dementia. Short of frank dementia, many AIDS patients manifest neuropsychological (NP) impairment including disturbance in speeded information processing, abstraction, learning, and recall. Data conflict on whether medically asymptomatic HIV-1 carriers have subtle NP deficits. Variations in tests chosen, criterion specification, and sample selection may all be contributing to disparate results. Longitudinal research is needed, and this should examine representative samples of HIV-1 seropositive individuals for whom approximate date of seroconversion is known and in whom sources of comorbidity (e.g., drug abuse, concurrent infections, CNS injuries) can be specified.
1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）是艾滋病的病原体，其感染可伴有中枢神经系统疾病和免疫系统疾病。晚期艾滋病可并发痴呆症。除了明显的痴呆症外，许多艾滋病患者还表现出神经心理学（NP）损害，包括快速信息处理、抽象思维、学习和记忆方面的障碍。关于医学上无症状的HIV-1携带者是否存在轻微NP缺陷的数据存在冲突。所选择的测试、标准规范和样本选择的差异都可能导致不同的结果。需要进行纵向研究，且该研究应检查HIV-1血清阳性个体的代表性样本，这些个体的血清转化大致日期已知，且可确定其合并症来源（如药物滥用、并发感染、中枢神经系统损伤）。
