Glass J D, Johnson R T
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1996;19:1-26. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.19.030196.000245.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects the nervous system in the majority of patients, causing a variety of neurological syndromes throughout the course of the disease. This review focuses on the effects of HIV in the central nervous system, with an emphasis on HIV-associated dementia. HIV-associated dementia occurs in a subset of patients with AIDS; it is unclear why these patients and not all patients develop the disease. Several factors are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia, including neurotoxins released from the virus and/or infected macrophages and microglia, immunologic dysregulation of macrophage function, and specific genetic strains of HIV. These factors, and their possible interactions, are discussed.
大多数艾滋病患者的神经系统会受到人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的感染，在疾病发展过程中引发各种神经综合征。本综述聚焦于HIV对中枢神经系统的影响，重点是HIV相关痴呆。HIV相关痴呆在一部分艾滋病患者中出现；尚不清楚为何是这些患者而非所有患者会患上此病。HIV相关痴呆的发病机制可能涉及多个因素，包括病毒和/或受感染的巨噬细胞及小胶质细胞释放的神经毒素、巨噬细胞功能的免疫调节异常，以及HIV的特定基因毒株。本文将对这些因素及其可能的相互作用进行讨论。
