O'Brien C P, Greenstein R, Woody G E
NIDA Res Monogr. 1978(19):315-20.
To summarize, then, our work with naltrexone in a multi-modality treatment program indicates that it appeals to about 5-10 percent of narcotic addicts--those who conciously want to obtain drug-free status. It does significantly attentuate the effect of narcotics to the extent that they lose their reinforcing properties, and it has minimal side effects. Although we treated a self-selected population, it is noteworthy that about 10 percent of those who remained on naltrexone for more than a week were still opiate free 6 months after cessation of treatment. For some it appeared to be a turning point in their lives. It was the first time in years that they could live in their neighborhood and not be either intoxicated or occupied with the pursuit of narcotics. Our behavioral studies have identified a number of conditioned psychophysiological responses associated with the self-injection ritual. So far, although we have succeeded in extinguishing some of these responses, this has not resulted in an improved clinical outcome. We are currently working on more comprehensive behavioral treatments, but the clinical significance of these conditioned responses is uncertain at present.
总之，我们在多模式治疗项目中使用纳曲酮的工作表明，它对大约5%至10%的麻醉品成瘾者有吸引力——即那些有意识地希望获得无毒品状态的人。它确实能显著减弱麻醉品的作用，使其失去强化特性，且副作用极小。尽管我们治疗的是一个自我选择的群体，但值得注意的是，在停止治疗6个月后，仍有大约10%服用纳曲酮超过一周的人不再使用鸦片类药物。对一些人来说，这似乎是他们人生的一个转折点。多年来，他们第一次可以住在自己的社区里，既不醉酒也不沉迷于追求麻醉品。我们的行为研究已经确定了一些与自我注射习惯相关的条件性心理生理反应。到目前为止，尽管我们已经成功消除了其中一些反应，但这并没有带来更好的临床结果。我们目前正在开展更全面的行为治疗，但这些条件反应的临床意义目前尚不确定。
