Greenstein R A, Arndt I C, McLellan A T, O'Brien C P, Evans B
J Clin Psychiatry. 1984 Sep;45(9 Pt 2):25-8.
The narcotic antagonist naltrexone was studied in over 300 opiate addicts. Patient selection was a major factor in determining retention and treatment outcome. Treatment time ranged from 1 week to over a year (mean = 2 months). A quarter of the study patients had multiple treatment episodes. Stabilized patients had few side effects, except for occasional nausea and abdominal cramps. Almost half the subjects tested naltrexone by using opiates at least once; all reported satisfactory narcotic blockade. Very few subjects switched to nonopiates to get high, although several did increase their alcohol consumption during the first weeks of therapy. One-third of subjects contacted in a follow-up study were opiate-free 6 months after stopping naltrexone, indicating a successful short-term treatment modality.
对300多名阿片类药物成瘾者进行了麻醉拮抗剂纳曲酮的研究。患者选择是决定留用率和治疗结果的主要因素。治疗时间从1周到1年多不等（平均为2个月）。四分之一的研究患者有多次治疗经历。病情稳定的患者除偶尔出现恶心和腹部绞痛外，几乎没有副作用。近一半的受试者至少使用过一次阿片类药物来检测纳曲酮；所有人都报告麻醉阻滞效果令人满意。很少有受试者改用非阿片类药物来寻求快感，不过有几名受试者在治疗的头几周确实增加了饮酒量。在一项随访研究中，三分之一接受联系的受试者在停用纳曲酮6个月后未使用阿片类药物，这表明这是一种成功的短期治疗方式。
