Ethanol-induced redox imbalance in rat kidneys.

This study reports the effects of long-term ethanol consumption on kidney redox status, in terms of enzymatic mechanisms involved in regulating the cytosolic [NADH]/[NAD(+) ] balance. Wistar rats were treated with ethanol (2 g/kg body weight/24 h) via intragastric intubation for 10 and 30 weeks, respectively. Ethanol administration induced an enhancement of alcohol dehydrogenase activities and affected the capacity of the kidney to prevent NADH accumulation in the cytosol. After 10 weeks, the excess of NADH was balanced by increased activities of malate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase. In the event of a longer period of ethanol intake, the kidney was not able to balance the NADH excess, even though an increase in malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase activities was noted. The electrophoretic analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase isoforms revealed differences between control and ethanol-treated animals. The results suggest that rat kidneys have a multicomponent metabolic response to the same daily dose of ethanol that functions to maintain the redox status and which varies with the length of the administration period.