Center for Medical Simulation, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Simul Healthc. 2011 Aug;6 Suppl:S52-7. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0b013e31822724d0.
Debriefing is a process involving the active participation of learners, guided by a facilitator or instructor whose primary goal is to identify and close gaps in knowledge and skills. A review of existing research and a process for identifying future opportunities was undertaken.
A selective critical review of the literature on debriefing in simulation-based education was done. An iterative process of analysis, gathering input from audience participants, and consensus-based synthesis was conducted.
Research is sparse and limited in presentation for all important topic areas where debriefing is a primary variable. The importance of a format for reporting data on debriefing in a research context was realized and a "who, when, where, what, why" approach was proposed. Also, a graphical representation of the characteristics of debriefing studies was developed (Sim-PICO) to help guide simulation researchers in appropriate experimental design and reporting.
A few areas of debriefing practice where obvious gaps that deserve study were identified, such as comparing debriefing techniques, comparing trained versus untrained debriefers, and comparing the effect of different debriefing venues and times. A model for publication of research data was developed and presented which should help researchers clarify methodology in future work.
讨论是一个涉及学习者积极参与的过程，由指导者或教员引导，其主要目标是识别和缩小知识和技能差距。对现有的研究进行了回顾，并确定了未来的机会。
对基于模拟的教育中的讨论进行了选择性的批判性文献回顾。对分析、收集观众参与者的意见以及基于共识的综合进行了迭代过程。
研究稀疏且在所有重要的主题领域都有限制，讨论是主要变量。在研究背景下报告讨论数据的报告格式的重要性得到了认识，并提出了“谁、何时、何地、什么、为什么”的方法。此外，还开发了讨论研究特征的图形表示（Sim-PICO），以帮助指导模拟研究人员进行适当的实验设计和报告。
确定了一些讨论实践中明显存在差距的领域，值得研究，例如比较讨论技巧、比较经过培训的和未经培训的讨论者，以及比较不同的讨论场所和时间的效果。提出了一种研究数据发布模型，并进行了介绍，这应该有助于研究人员在未来的工作中阐明方法。
