Samuel J C, Campbell E L P, Mjuweni S, Muyco A P, Cairns B A, Charles A G
Department of Surgery, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi.
J Int Med Res. 2011;39(3):873-9. doi: 10.1177/147323001103900321.
This report describes the epidemiology of burn injuries and quantifies the appropriateness of use of available interventions at Kamuzu Central Hospital, Malawi, between July 2008 and June 2009 (370 burn patients). Burns accounted for 4.4% of all injuries and 25.9% of all burns presenting to the hospital were admitted. Most patients (67.6%) were < 15 years old and 56.2% were male. The most frequent cause was scalding (51.4%). Burns occurred most frequently in the cool, dry season and in the evening. The mean burn surface area (second/third degree) was 14.1% and most burns (74%) presented within 8 h. The commonest procedure was debridement and/or amputation. The mean hospital stay was 21.1 days, in-hospital mortality was 27% and wound infection rate was 31%. Available interventions (intravenous fluids, nutrition therapy, physiotherapy) were misapplied in 59% of cases. It is concluded that primary prevention should address paediatric and scald burns, and secondary prevention should train providers to use available interventions appropriately.
本报告描述了2008年7月至2009年6月期间马拉维卡木祖中央医院烧伤的流行病学情况，并对可用干预措施的使用适宜性进行了量化分析（共370例烧伤患者）。烧伤占所有损伤的4.4%，到该医院就诊的所有烧伤患者中25.9%被收治入院。大多数患者（67.6%）年龄小于15岁，56.2%为男性。最常见的原因是烫伤（51.4%）。烧伤最常发生在凉爽干燥的季节以及晚上。平均烧伤表面积（二度/三度）为14.1%，大多数烧伤患者（74%）在8小时内就诊。最常见的治疗程序是清创和/或截肢。平均住院时间为21.1天，住院死亡率为27%，伤口感染率为31%。在59%的病例中，可用干预措施（静脉输液、营养治疗、物理治疗）使用不当。结论是，一级预防应针对儿童和烫伤，二级预防应培训医疗服务提供者正确使用可用干预措施。
