Longo Umile Giuseppe, Forriol Francisco, Campi Stefano, Maffulli Nicola, Denaro Vincenzo
Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2011 Sep;19(3):184-93. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0b013e318205470e.
Several animal models have been used for in vivo and in vitro shoulder research. In vitro models, consisting of cadaveric specimens, are useful in providing basic understanding of the functioning of the shoulder and for biomechanical experiments. In vivo models provide the means to model living phenomena, such as tendon healing process, tendinopathy, instability, and adaptive responses to surgery. However, intrinsic differences among different species make translation to human shoulder pathologies difficult. Most of the animals used in experimental settings are quadrupeds, using the forelimbs for weight-bearing during locomotion, with no or minimal overhead activity. The various animal models already used to study shoulder pathologies are presented in this article. However, there is a lack of validation for these animal models, which provides challenge to the further research in this field.
几种动物模型已被用于肩部的体内和体外研究。体外模型由尸体标本组成，有助于对肩部功能有基本的了解，并用于生物力学实验。体内模型提供了模拟生命现象的手段，如肌腱愈合过程、肌腱病、不稳定以及对手术的适应性反应。然而，不同物种之间的内在差异使得将其转化为人类肩部疾病较为困难。实验中使用的大多数动物是四足动物，在运动过程中以前肢负重，没有或只有极少的过头活动。本文介绍了已用于研究肩部疾病的各种动物模型。然而，这些动物模型缺乏验证，这给该领域的进一步研究带来了挑战。
