Maffulli Nicola, Longo Umile Giuseppe, Berton Alessandra, Loppini Mattia, Denaro Vincenzo
*Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Hospital, London E1 4DG, England.
Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2011 Sep;19(3):194-201. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0b013e3182250cad.
Rotator cuff tears are common, and lead to shoulder pain and functional impairment. Despite their frequency and related disability, etiology and pathogenesis are still debated. Multiple factors contribute to tears of the rotator cuff. Extrinsic factors are anatomic variables, such as acromial morphologic characteristics, os acromiale, and acromial spurs that compress the rotator cuff by bony impingement or direct pressure from the surrounding soft tissue. Intrinsic factors arise from the tendon itself, because of tensile overload, aging, microvascular supply, traumatisms, or degeneration. Little information is available from a cellular and molecular point of view. We reviewed the biological factors involved in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff tears. Understanding the mechanism of rotator cuff pathology would facilitate the rationale for therapeutic interventions, by guiding the design, selection, and implementation of treatment strategies such as biologic modulation and preventive measures.
肩袖撕裂很常见，会导致肩部疼痛和功能障碍。尽管其发病率和相关残疾率很高，但其病因和发病机制仍存在争议。多种因素导致肩袖撕裂。外在因素是解剖学变量，如肩峰形态特征、肩峰骨、肩峰骨刺，它们通过骨撞击或周围软组织的直接压力压迫肩袖。内在因素源于肌腱本身，由于拉伸过载、老化、微血管供应、创伤或退变。从细胞和分子角度来看，相关信息很少。我们综述了参与肩袖撕裂发病机制的生物学因素。了解肩袖病变的机制将有助于为治疗干预提供理论依据，通过指导生物调节和预防措施等治疗策略的设计、选择和实施。
