Department of Chemistry, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
J Chem Phys. 2011 Aug 7;135(5):050901. doi: 10.1063/1.3615063.
Graphene is a single sheet of carbon atoms that constitutes the basic building block of macroscopic graphite crystals. Held together by a backbone of overlapping sp(2) hybrids, graphene's 2p orbitals form π state bands that delocalize over an entire 2-dimensional macroscopic carbon sheet leading to a number of unusual characteristics that include large electrical and thermal conductivities. Recent discoveries have provided simple methods (e.g., mechanical cleavage of graphite) for preparing laboratory scale samples that can be used to investigate the fundamental physical and chemical characteristics of graphene. In addition, a number of techniques have emerged that show promise for producing large-scale samples with the ultimate goal of developing devices that take advantage of graphene's unusual properties. As large samples become available, the possibility grows for applications of this material in solar cell technology (as flexible, transparent electrodes), in composite material development, and in electronic devices.
石墨烯是由碳原子组成的单层，构成了宏观石墨晶体的基本结构单元。由重叠的 sp(2)杂化轨道形成的骨架结合在一起，石墨烯的 2p 轨道形成 π 态能带，在整个二维宏观碳片上离域，导致具有许多不寻常的特性，包括高电导率和热导率。最近的发现提供了简单的方法（例如，石墨的机械剥离）来制备实验室规模的样品，可用于研究石墨烯的基本物理和化学特性。此外，出现了许多技术，有望生产出具有大规模样品的技术，最终目标是开发利用石墨烯不寻常性质的器件。随着大样品的出现，这种材料在太阳能电池技术（作为灵活、透明的电极）、复合材料开发和电子设备中的应用可能性也在增加。
